The patch titled
Subject: mm/khugepaged: recover from poisoned anonymous memory
has been added to the -mm mm-unstable branch. Its filename is
mm-khugepaged-recover-from-poisoned-anonymous-memory.patch
This patch will shortly appear at
https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/25-new.git/tree/patches/mm-khugepaged-recover-from-poisoned-anonymous-memory.patch
This patch will later appear in the mm-unstable branch at
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm
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------------------------------------------------------
From: Jiaqi Yan <jiaqiyan@xxxxxxxxxx>
Subject: mm/khugepaged: recover from poisoned anonymous memory
Date: Sun, 6 Nov 2022 18:53:58 -0800
Patch series "Memory poison recovery in khugepaged collapsing", v6.
Problem
=======
Memory DIMMs are subject to multi-bit flips, i.e. memory errors. As
memory size and density increase, the chances of and number of memory
errors increase. The increasing size and density of server RAM in the
data center and cloud have shown increased uncorrectable memory errors.
There are already mechanisms in the kernel to recover from uncorrectable
memory errors. This series of patches provides the recovery mechanism for
the particular kernel agent khugepaged when it collapses memory pages.
Impact
======
The main reason we chose to make khugepaged collapsing tolerant of memory
failures was its high possibility of accessing poisoned memory while
performing functionally optional compaction actions. Standard
applications typically don't have strict requirements on the size of its
pages. So they are given 4K pages by the kernel. The kernel is able to
improve application performance by either
1) giving applications 2M pages to begin with, or
2) collapsing 4K pages into 2M pages when possible.
This collapsing operation is done by khugepaged, a kernel agent that is
constantly scanning memory. When collapsing 4K pages into a 2M page, it
must copy the data from the 4K pages into a physically contiguous 2M page.
Therefore, as long as there exists one poisoned cache line in collapsible
4K pages, khugepaged will eventually access it. The current impact to
users is a machine check exception triggered kernel panic. However,
khugepagedâ??s compaction operations are not functionally required kernel
actions. Therefore making khugepaged tolerant to poisoned memory will
greatly improve user experience.
This patch series is for cases where khugepaged is the first guy that
detects the memory errors on the poisoned pages. IOW, the pages are not
known to have memory errors when khugepaged collapsing gets to them. In
our observation, this happens frequently when the huge page ratio of the
system is relatively low, which is fairly common in virtual machines
running on cloud.
Solution
========
As stated before, it is less desirable to crash the system only because
khugepaged accesses poisoned pages while it is collapsing 4K pages. The
high level idea of this patch series is to skip the group of pages
(usually 512 4K-size pages) once khugepaged finds one of them is poisoned,
as these pages have become ineligible to be collapsed.
We are also careful to unwind operations khuagepaged has performed before
it detects memory failures. For example, before copying and collapsing a
group of anonymous pages into a huge page, the source pages will be
isolated and their page table is unlinked from their PMD. These
operations need to be undone in order to ensure these pages are not
changed/lost from the perspective of other threads (both user and kernel
space). As for file backed memory pages, there already exists a rollback
case. This patch just extends it so that khugepaged also correctly rolls
back when it fails to copy poisoned 4K pages.
This patch (of 2):
Make __collapse_huge_page_copy return whether copying anonymous pages
succeeded, and make collapse_huge_page handle the return status.
Break existing PTE scan loop into two for-loops. The first loop copies
source pages into target huge page, and can fail gracefully when running
into memory errors in source pages. If copying all pages succeeds, the
second loop releases and clears up these normal pages. Otherwise, the
second loop rolls back the page table and page states by:
- re-establishing the original PTEs-to-PMD connection.
- releasing source pages back to their LRU list.
Tested manually:
0. Enable khugepaged on system under test.
1. Start a two-thread application. Each thread allocates a chunk of
non-huge anonymous memory buffer.
2. Pick 4 random buffer locations (2 in each thread) and inject
uncorrectable memory errors at corresponding physical addresses.
3. Signal both threads to make their memory buffer collapsible, i.e.
calling madvise(MADV_HUGEPAGE).
4. Wait and check kernel log: khugepaged is able to recover from poisoned
pages and skips collapsing them.
5. Signal both threads to inspect their buffer contents and make sure no
data corruption.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221107025359.2911028-1-jiaqiyan@xxxxxxxxxx
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20221107025359.2911028-2-jiaqiyan@xxxxxxxxxx
Signed-off-by: Jiaqi Yan <jiaqiyan@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Kirill A. Shutemov <kirill.shutemov@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Naoya Horiguchi <naoya.horiguchi@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Tong Tiangen <tongtiangen@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Tony Luck <tony.luck@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Yang Shi <shy828301@xxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/highmem.h | 19 +++
include/trace/events/huge_memory.h | 3
mm/khugepaged.c | 159 +++++++++++++++++++--------
3 files changed, 138 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-)
--- a/include/linux/highmem.h~mm-khugepaged-recover-from-poisoned-anonymous-memory
+++ a/include/linux/highmem.h
@@ -361,6 +361,25 @@ static inline void copy_highpage(struct
#endif
+/*
+ * Machine check exception handled version of copy_highpage.
+ * Return true if copying page content failed; otherwise false.
+ * Note handling #MC requires arch opt-in.
+ */
+static inline bool copy_highpage_mc(struct page *to, struct page *from)
+{
+ char *vfrom, *vto;
+ unsigned long ret;
+
+ vfrom = kmap_local_page(from);
+ vto = kmap_local_page(to);
+ ret = copy_mc_to_kernel(vto, vfrom, PAGE_SIZE);
+ kunmap_local(vto);
+ kunmap_local(vfrom);
+
+ return ret > 0;
+}
+
static inline void memcpy_page(struct page *dst_page, size_t dst_off,
struct page *src_page, size_t src_off,
size_t len)
--- a/include/trace/events/huge_memory.h~mm-khugepaged-recover-from-poisoned-anonymous-memory
+++ a/include/trace/events/huge_memory.h
@@ -36,7 +36,8 @@
EM( SCAN_ALLOC_HUGE_PAGE_FAIL, "alloc_huge_page_failed") \
EM( SCAN_CGROUP_CHARGE_FAIL, "ccgroup_charge_failed") \
EM( SCAN_TRUNCATED, "truncated") \
- EMe(SCAN_PAGE_HAS_PRIVATE, "page_has_private") \
+ EM( SCAN_PAGE_HAS_PRIVATE, "page_has_private") \
+ EMe(SCAN_COPY_MC, "copy_poisoned_page") \
#undef EM
#undef EMe
--- a/mm/khugepaged.c~mm-khugepaged-recover-from-poisoned-anonymous-memory
+++ a/mm/khugepaged.c
@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ enum scan_result {
SCAN_CGROUP_CHARGE_FAIL,
SCAN_TRUNCATED,
SCAN_PAGE_HAS_PRIVATE,
+ SCAN_COPY_MC,
};
#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
@@ -670,56 +671,125 @@ out:
return result;
}
-static void __collapse_huge_page_copy(pte_t *pte, struct page *page,
- struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long address,
- spinlock_t *ptl,
- struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
+/*
+ * __collapse_huge_page_copy - attempts to copy memory contents from normal
+ * pages to a hugepage. Cleanup the normal pages if copying succeeds;
+ * otherwise restore the original page table and release isolated normal pages.
+ * Returns true if copying succeeds, otherwise returns false.
+ *
+ * @pte: starting of the PTEs to copy from
+ * @page: the new hugepage to copy contents to
+ * @pmd: pointer to the new hugepage's PMD
+ * @rollback: the original normal pages' PMD
+ * @vma: the original normal pages' virtual memory area
+ * @address: starting address to copy
+ * @pte_ptl: lock on normal pages' PTEs
+ * @compound_pagelist: list that stores compound pages
+ */
+static bool __collapse_huge_page_copy(pte_t *pte,
+ struct page *page,
+ pmd_t *pmd,
+ pmd_t rollback,
+ struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ unsigned long address,
+ spinlock_t *pte_ptl,
+ struct list_head *compound_pagelist)
{
struct page *src_page, *tmp;
pte_t *_pte;
- for (_pte = pte; _pte < pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR;
- _pte++, page++, address += PAGE_SIZE) {
- pte_t pteval = *_pte;
+ pte_t pteval;
+ unsigned long _address;
+ spinlock_t *pmd_ptl;
+ bool copy_succeeded = true;
- if (pte_none(pteval) || is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pteval))) {
- clear_user_highpage(page, address);
- add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, 1);
- if (is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pteval))) {
+ /*
+ * Copying pages' contents is subject to memory poison at any iteration.
+ */
+ for (_pte = pte, _address = address;
+ _pte < pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+ _pte++, page++, _address += PAGE_SIZE) {
+ pteval = *_pte;
+
+ if (pte_none(pteval) || is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pteval)))
+ clear_user_highpage(page, _address);
+ else {
+ src_page = pte_page(pteval);
+ if (copy_highpage_mc(page, src_page)) {
+ copy_succeeded = false;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (copy_succeeded) {
+ for (_pte = pte, _address = address; _pte < pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+ _pte++, _address += PAGE_SIZE) {
+ pteval = *_pte;
+ if (pte_none(pteval) || is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pteval))) {
+ add_mm_counter(vma->vm_mm, MM_ANONPAGES, 1);
+ if (is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pteval))) {
+ /*
+ * pte_ptl mostly unnecessary.
+ */
+ spin_lock(pte_ptl);
+ pte_clear(vma->vm_mm, _address, _pte);
+ spin_unlock(pte_ptl);
+ }
+ } else {
+ src_page = pte_page(pteval);
+ if (!PageCompound(src_page))
+ release_pte_page(src_page);
/*
- * ptl mostly unnecessary.
+ * pte_ptl mostly unnecessary, but preempt has to
+ * be disabled to update the per-cpu stats
+ * inside page_remove_rmap().
*/
- spin_lock(ptl);
- ptep_clear(vma->vm_mm, address, _pte);
- spin_unlock(ptl);
+ spin_lock(pte_ptl);
+ ptep_clear(vma->vm_mm, _address, _pte);
+ page_remove_rmap(src_page, vma, false);
+ spin_unlock(pte_ptl);
+ free_page_and_swap_cache(src_page);
}
- } else {
- src_page = pte_page(pteval);
- copy_user_highpage(page, src_page, address, vma);
- if (!PageCompound(src_page))
- release_pte_page(src_page);
- /*
- * ptl mostly unnecessary, but preempt has to
- * be disabled to update the per-cpu stats
- * inside page_remove_rmap().
- */
- spin_lock(ptl);
- ptep_clear(vma->vm_mm, address, _pte);
- page_remove_rmap(src_page, vma, false);
- spin_unlock(ptl);
- free_page_and_swap_cache(src_page);
+ }
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(src_page, tmp, compound_pagelist, lru) {
+ list_del(&src_page->lru);
+ mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(src_page),
+ NR_ISOLATED_ANON + page_is_file_lru(src_page),
+ -compound_nr(src_page));
+ unlock_page(src_page);
+ free_swap_cache(src_page);
+ putback_lru_page(src_page);
+ }
+ } else {
+ /*
+ * Re-establish the regular PMD that points to the regular
+ * page table. Restoring PMD needs to be done prior to
+ * releasing pages. Since pages are still isolated and
+ * locked here, acquiring anon_vma_lock_write is unnecessary.
+ */
+ pmd_ptl = pmd_lock(vma->vm_mm, pmd);
+ pmd_populate(vma->vm_mm, pmd, pmd_pgtable(rollback));
+ spin_unlock(pmd_ptl);
+ /*
+ * Release both raw and compound pages isolated
+ * in __collapse_huge_page_isolate.
+ */
+ for (_pte = pte, _address = address; _pte < pte + HPAGE_PMD_NR;
+ _pte++, _address += PAGE_SIZE) {
+ pteval = *_pte;
+ if (!pte_none(pteval) && !is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pteval))) {
+ src_page = pte_page(pteval);
+ if (!PageCompound(src_page))
+ release_pte_page(src_page);
+ }
+ }
+ list_for_each_entry_safe(src_page, tmp, compound_pagelist, lru) {
+ list_del(&src_page->lru);
+ release_pte_page(src_page);
}
}
- list_for_each_entry_safe(src_page, tmp, compound_pagelist, lru) {
- list_del(&src_page->lru);
- mod_node_page_state(page_pgdat(src_page),
- NR_ISOLATED_ANON + page_is_file_lru(src_page),
- -compound_nr(src_page));
- unlock_page(src_page);
- free_swap_cache(src_page);
- putback_lru_page(src_page);
- }
+ return copy_succeeded;
}
static void khugepaged_alloc_sleep(void)
@@ -981,6 +1051,7 @@ static int collapse_huge_page(struct mm_
int result = SCAN_FAIL;
struct vm_area_struct *vma;
struct mmu_notifier_range range;
+ bool copied = false;
VM_BUG_ON(address & ~HPAGE_PMD_MASK);
@@ -1084,9 +1155,13 @@ static int collapse_huge_page(struct mm_
*/
anon_vma_unlock_write(vma->anon_vma);
- __collapse_huge_page_copy(pte, hpage, vma, address, pte_ptl,
- &compound_pagelist);
+ copied = __collapse_huge_page_copy(pte, hpage, pmd, _pmd,
+ vma, address, pte_ptl, &compound_pagelist);
pte_unmap(pte);
+ if (!copied) {
+ result = SCAN_COPY_MC;
+ goto out_up_write;
+ }
/*
* spin_lock() below is not the equivalent of smp_wmb(), but
* the smp_wmb() inside __SetPageUptodate() can be reused to
_
Patches currently in -mm which might be from jiaqiyan@xxxxxxxxxx are
mm-khugepaged-recover-from-poisoned-anonymous-memory.patch
mm-khugepaged-recover-from-poisoned-file-backed-memory.patch
