>>>>> On Wed, 17 Oct 2001 20:43:58 +0900 (JST), Atsushi Nemoto <nemoto@toshiba-tops.co.jp> said: nemoto> Yes, I depend on hardware swapping on word/dword access. It nemoto> seems many pci drivers depend on this swapping too. Sorry, last sentence might be wrong. I doubt I have been misunderstanding long time... Can anybody explain me a PCI driver's policy of endianness? Should we use cpu_to_le32 with outl/writel? Should we use cpu_to_le32 to write 32bit data to DMA area? Thank you. --- Atsushi Nemoto