Using Hardhat linux targeting a NEC VR5432 and a 2.4.0-test 5 kernel I get an image that looks like the following: vmlinux: file format elf32-littlemips Disassembly of section .text: 0000000080001000 <_ftext>: ... 80002000: 6e 01 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 n............... ... 0000000080002288 <except_vec0_r4000>: .... 00000000800025bc <kernel_entry>: -------------------------------------- using the cvs 2.4.3 kernel (about a week old) and the same tool chain I get an image that looks like: Using a loadaddr of 8000000 vmlinux: file format elf32-littlemips Disassembly of section .text: 0000000080000000 <_ftext>: 80000000: 6b 01 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 k............... ... 0000000080000288 <except_vec0_r4000>: .... 00000000800005b0 <kernel_entry>: ... -------------------------------------- If I change the loadaddr to 80001000 I get: vmlinux: file format elf32-littlemips Disassembly of section .text: 0000000080002000 <_ftext>: 80002000: 6b 01 00 10 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 k............... ... 0000000080002288 <except_vec0_r4000>: .... 00000000800025b0 <kernel_entry>: ------------------------------------- No matter what I do I can not get _ftext to appear at 80001000. I use identical ld.scripts for bother kernels. At first I thought it was my binutils so I switched to the same tools that I used with my 2.4.0-test5 kernel. Addresses appear to be off by 0x1000. Which is why my 2.4.3 kernel dies on the jump to init_arch out of kernel_entry. Any thoughts about what I might be doing wrong? Thanks, Scott