[PATCH] xfs: detect agfl count corruption and reset agfl

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The struct xfs_agfl v5 header was originally introduced with
unexpected padding that caused the AGFL to operate with one less
slot than intended. The header has since been packed, but the fix
left an incompatibility for users who upgrade from an old kernel
with the unpacked header to a newer kernel with the packed header
while the AGFL happens to wrap around the end. The newer kernel
recognizes one extra slot at the physical end of the AGFL that the
previous kernel did not. The new kernel will eventually attempt to
allocate a block from that slot, which contains invalid data, and
cause a crash.

This condition can be detected by comparing the active range of the
AGFL to the count. While this detects a padding mismatch, it can
also trigger false positives for unrelated flcount corruption. Since
we cannot distinguish a size mismatch due to padding from unrelated
corruption, we can't trust the AGFL enough to simply repopulate the
empty slot.

Instead, avoid unnecessarily complex detection logic and and use a
solution that can handle any form of flcount corruption that slips
through read verifiers: distrust the entire AGFL and reset it to an
empty state. Any valid blocks within the AGFL are intentionally
leaked. This requires xfs_repair to rectify (which was already
necessary based on the state the AGFL was found in). The reset
mitigates the side effect of the padding mismatch problem from a
filesystem crash to a free space accounting inconsistency. The
generic approach also means that this patch can be safely backported
to kernels with or without a packed struct xfs_agfl.

Check the AGF for an invalid freelist count on initial read from
disk. If detected, set a flag on the xfs_perag to indicate that a
reset is required before the AGFL can be used. In the first
transaction that attempts to use a flagged AGFL, reset it to empty,
warn the user about the inconsistency and allow the freelist fixup
code to repopulate the AGFL with new blocks. The xfs_perag flag is
cleared to eliminate the need for repeated checks on each block
allocation operation.

Suggested-by: Dave Chinner <david@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Brian Foster <bfoster@xxxxxxxxxx>
---

Hi all,

Here's an actual patch for the AGFL reset approach. This survives a
normal xfstests run. I also ran some quick xfstests runs with hacks in
place to unconditionally trigger an agfl reset on first read. This
caused a ton of test failures due to the resulting accounting
inconsistency on the scratch device, but otherwise it survived from a
torture test perspective and didn't introduce any unrelated regressions
that I could see.

Thoughts, reviews, flames appreciated.

Brian

v1:
- Use a simplified AGFL reset mechanism.
- Trigger on AGFL fixup rather than get/put.
- Various refactors, cleanups and comments.
rfc: https://marc.info/?l=linux-xfs&m=152045069616434&w=2

 fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c | 96 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h        |  1 +
 fs/xfs/xfs_trace.h        |  9 ++++-
 3 files changed, 105 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c
index 3db90b707fb2..7dfec92f28dc 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c
+++ b/fs/xfs/libxfs/xfs_alloc.c
@@ -2063,6 +2063,95 @@ xfs_alloc_space_available(
 }
 
 /*
+ * Check the agfl fields of the agf for inconsistency or corruption. The purpose
+ * is to detect an agfl header padding mismatch between current and early v5
+ * kernels. This problem manifests as a 1-slot size difference between the
+ * on-disk flcount and the active [first, last] range of a wrapped agfl. This
+ * may also catch variants of agfl count corruption unrelated to padding. Either
+ * way, we'll reset the agfl and warn the user.
+ *
+ * Return true if a reset is required before the agfl can be used, false
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+static bool
+xfs_agfl_need_reset(
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf)
+{
+	uint32_t		f = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flfirst);
+	uint32_t		l = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_fllast);
+	uint32_t		c = be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_flcount);
+	int			agfl_size = xfs_agfl_size(mp);
+	int			active;
+
+	/* no agfl header on v4 supers */
+	if (!xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&mp->m_sb))
+		return false;
+
+	/*
+	 * The agf read verifier catches severe corruption of these fields.
+	 * Repeat some sanity checks to cover a packed -> unpacked mismatch if
+	 * the verifier allows it.
+	 */
+	if (f >= agfl_size || l >= agfl_size)
+		return true;
+	if (c > agfl_size)
+		return true;
+
+	/*
+	 * Check consistency between the on-disk count and the active range. An
+	 * agfl padding mismatch manifests as an inconsistent flcount.
+	 */
+	if (c && l >= f)
+		active = l - f + 1;
+	else if (c)
+		active = agfl_size - f + l + 1;
+	else
+		active = 0;
+	if (active != c)
+		return true;
+
+	return false;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset the agfl to an empty state. Ignore/drop any existing blocks since the
+ * agfl content cannot be trusted. Warn the user that a repair is required to
+ * recover leaked blocks.
+ *
+ * The purpose of this mechanism is to handle filesystems affected by the agfl
+ * header padding mismatch problem. A reset keeps the filesystem online with a
+ * relatively minor free space accounting inconsistency rather than suffer the
+ * inevitable crash from use of an invalid agfl block.
+ */
+static void
+xfs_agfl_reset(
+	struct xfs_trans	*tp,
+	struct xfs_buf		*agbp,
+	struct xfs_perag	*pag)
+{
+	struct xfs_mount	*mp = tp->t_mountp;
+	struct xfs_agf		*agf = XFS_BUF_TO_AGF(agbp);
+
+	ASSERT(pag->pagf_agflreset);
+	trace_xfs_agfl_reset(mp, agf, 0, _RET_IP_);
+
+	xfs_warn(mp,
+	       "WARNING: Reset corrupted AGFL on AG %u. %d blocks leaked. "
+	       "Please unmount and run xfs_repair.",
+	         pag->pag_agno, pag->pagf_flcount);
+
+	agf->agf_flfirst = 0;
+	agf->agf_fllast = cpu_to_be32(xfs_agfl_size(mp) - 1);
+	agf->agf_flcount = 0;
+	xfs_alloc_log_agf(tp, agbp, XFS_AGF_FLFIRST | XFS_AGF_FLLAST |
+				    XFS_AGF_FLCOUNT);
+
+	pag->pagf_flcount = 0;
+	pag->pagf_agflreset = false;
+}
+
+/*
  * Decide whether to use this allocation group for this allocation.
  * If so, fix up the btree freelist's size.
  */
@@ -2123,6 +2212,10 @@ xfs_alloc_fix_freelist(
 		}
 	}
 
+	/* reset a padding mismatched agfl before final free space check */
+	if (pag->pagf_agflreset)
+		xfs_agfl_reset(tp, agbp, pag);
+
 	/* If there isn't enough total space or single-extent, reject it. */
 	need = xfs_alloc_min_freelist(mp, pag);
 	if (!xfs_alloc_space_available(args, need, flags))
@@ -2279,6 +2372,7 @@ xfs_alloc_get_freelist(
 		agf->agf_flfirst = 0;
 
 	pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_seqno));
+	ASSERT(!pag->pagf_agflreset);
 	be32_add_cpu(&agf->agf_flcount, -1);
 	xfs_trans_agflist_delta(tp, -1);
 	pag->pagf_flcount--;
@@ -2390,6 +2484,7 @@ xfs_alloc_put_freelist(
 		agf->agf_fllast = 0;
 
 	pag = xfs_perag_get(mp, be32_to_cpu(agf->agf_seqno));
+	ASSERT(!pag->pagf_agflreset);
 	be32_add_cpu(&agf->agf_flcount, 1);
 	xfs_trans_agflist_delta(tp, 1);
 	pag->pagf_flcount++;
@@ -2597,6 +2692,7 @@ xfs_alloc_read_agf(
 		pag->pagb_count = 0;
 		pag->pagb_tree = RB_ROOT;
 		pag->pagf_init = 1;
+		pag->pagf_agflreset = xfs_agfl_need_reset(mp, agf);
 	}
 #ifdef DEBUG
 	else if (!XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp)) {
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h b/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h
index 1808f56decaa..10b90bbc5162 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_mount.h
@@ -353,6 +353,7 @@ typedef struct xfs_perag {
 	char		pagi_inodeok;	/* The agi is ok for inodes */
 	uint8_t		pagf_levels[XFS_BTNUM_AGF];
 					/* # of levels in bno & cnt btree */
+	bool		pagf_agflreset; /* agfl requires reset before use */
 	uint32_t	pagf_flcount;	/* count of blocks in freelist */
 	xfs_extlen_t	pagf_freeblks;	/* total free blocks */
 	xfs_extlen_t	pagf_longest;	/* longest free space */
diff --git a/fs/xfs/xfs_trace.h b/fs/xfs/xfs_trace.h
index 945de08af7ba..a982c0b623d0 100644
--- a/fs/xfs/xfs_trace.h
+++ b/fs/xfs/xfs_trace.h
@@ -1477,7 +1477,7 @@ TRACE_EVENT(xfs_extent_busy_trim,
 		  __entry->tlen)
 );
 
-TRACE_EVENT(xfs_agf,
+DECLARE_EVENT_CLASS(xfs_agf_class,
 	TP_PROTO(struct xfs_mount *mp, struct xfs_agf *agf, int flags,
 		 unsigned long caller_ip),
 	TP_ARGS(mp, agf, flags, caller_ip),
@@ -1533,6 +1533,13 @@ TRACE_EVENT(xfs_agf,
 		  __entry->longest,
 		  (void *)__entry->caller_ip)
 );
+#define DEFINE_AGF_EVENT(name) \
+DEFINE_EVENT(xfs_agf_class, name, \
+	TP_PROTO(struct xfs_mount *mp, struct xfs_agf *agf, int flags, \
+		 unsigned long caller_ip), \
+	TP_ARGS(mp, agf, flags, caller_ip))
+DEFINE_AGF_EVENT(xfs_agf);
+DEFINE_AGF_EVENT(xfs_agfl_reset);
 
 TRACE_EVENT(xfs_free_extent,
 	TP_PROTO(struct xfs_mount *mp, xfs_agnumber_t agno, xfs_agblock_t agbno,
-- 
2.13.6

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