> > To address this issue, I have considered two potential solutions: > > 1、Modify the Driver Code: Implement a mechanism, such as delayed_work, to > give iwlwifi another chance to load the firmware after the filesystem has > been mounted. This would involve adding additional logic to the driver to > handle retries for firmware loading. > > 2、Modify the Kconfig: Change the configuration to allow iwlwifi to be > compiled only as a module [CONFIG_IWLWIFI=m]. This way, the module can be > loaded after the filesystem is fully mounted, ensuring that the firmware > can be found and loaded successfully. Neither of those is going to happen - you should just build the firmware into the kernel (or initramfs might be enough?) if you want it built-in. Or set up firmware loading userspace, and set it up appropriately to only respond after / is mounted. In any case, not a kernel problem. You need to fix it on your userspace. johannes