I've been using wpa_supplicant with rtw88 and b43 cards to connect to a wpa-psk home router successfully for many years. This was with -Wext. However I'm not able to accomplish this with iw or iwd. $iw --version iw version 5.9 $ iw dev wlan0 connect SSID key psk:<64bits> PSK CCMP CCMP command failed: Invalid argument (-22) - This always fails with this message. corresponding parameters work with wpa_supplicant. $/usr/libexec/iwd --version 1.17 $/usr/libexec/iwd -d $ iwctl station wlan0 get-hidden-access-points $ iwctl --passphrase=XXX station wlan0 connect SSID If this connects it always immediately disconnects kernel: [86195.924708] wlan0: authenticate with 58:xx:6e:xx:51:e4 kernel: [86196.264641] wlan0: send auth to 58:xx:6e:xx:51:e4 (try 1/3) kernel: [86196.268477] wlan0: authenticated kernel: [86196.274379] wlan0: associate with 58:xx:6e:xx:51:e4 (try 1/3) kernel: [86196.281420] wlan0: RX AssocResp from 58:xx:6e:xx:51:e4 (capab=0x411 status=0 aid=1) kernel: [86196.281491] rtw_8822ce 0000:xx:00.0: sta 58:xx:6e:xx:51:e4 joined with macid 0 kernel: [86196.282235] wlan0: associated kernel: [86238.445926] wlan0: deauthenticated from 58:xx:6e:xx:51:e4 (Reason: 6=CLASS2_FRAME_FROM_NONAUTH_STA) kernel: [86238.594381] rtw_8822ce 0000:xx:00.0: sta 58:xx:6e:xx:51:e4 with macid 0 left - So an connection, after authentication immediately deauthenticates with (Reason: 6=CLASS2_FRAME_FROM_NONAUTH_STA). The deauthentication happens when any packet is to be sent on the interface - In the case of b43 any authenticated connection also deauthenticates but with (Reason: 15=4WAY_HANDSHAKE_TIMEOUT) - These are also the failure modes when iwd is used under NetworkManager-1.33.2 - I tried connman-1.40, but that didn't work at all It kept putting the device into ad-hoc mode before trying to connect, and the connection fails (even if i set the device in station mode via iwctl, connman sets it to ad-hoc mode) I'm stumped on how to debug this - I'm seeking any suggestions on what to look at the netlink layer to track down these problems. I may be missing something basic, if you can spot it please let me know. [latest 5.10 kernel with both in-kernel rt88 drivers and lwfinger from april 2021]