Hi, I have noticed this sometimes happening with mac80211_hwsim where the Authenticate, Associate, and Connect events arrive in userspace before the actual response to CMD_CONNECT. It seems to be a scheduling/timing problem as turning on logging in hostapd or other applications "fixes" the issue. I have not seen this happen on any physical hardware, only with mac80211_hwsim. But still, this does cause our testing framework to fail, as IWD handles this case by assuming another userspace daemon is running. It seems there needs to be some kind of wait/yield in mac80211_hwsim so that the response to CMD_CONNECT comes before these other events as it should. Below is a relevant log of what is happening starting with the CMD_CONNECT request. Note that in this case the connection fails, and this is expected for this specific test. Still, the connect response comes after all these other events. < Request: Connect (0x2e) len 156 [ack] 57.823865 Interface Index: 15 (0x0000000f) Wiphy Frequency: 2412 (0x0000096c) MAC Address 02:00:00:00:02:00 SSID: len 13 54 65 73 74 42 6c 61 63 6b 6c 69 73 74 TestBlacklist Auth Type: 0 (0x00000000) Privacy: true Interface Socket Owner: true Cipher Suites Pairwise: CCMP (00:0f:ac) suite 04 Cipher Suite Group: CCMP (00:0f:ac) suite 04 AKM Suites: PSK; RSNA PSK (00:0f:ac) suite 02 WPA Versions: 2 (0x00000002) Control Port: true Reserved: len 0 Reserved: len 0 Information Elements: len 41 RSN: Group Data Cipher Suite: len 4 CCMP (00:0f:ac) suite 04 Pairwise Cipher Suite: len 4 CCMP (00:0f:ac) suite 04 AKM Suite: len 4 PSK; RSNA PSK (00:0f:ac) suite 02 RSN capabilities: bits 2 - 3: 1 replay counter per PTKSA RSN capabilities: bits 4 - 5: 1 replay counter per GTKSA 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ac 04 01 00 00 0f ................ ac 02 00 00 .... RM Enabled Capabilities: len 5 Enabled: bit 4: Beacon Passive Measurement Enabled: bit 5: Beacon Active Measurement Enabled: bit 6: Beacon Table Measurement Operating Channel Max Measurement Duration: 0 Non-Operating Channel Max Measurement Duration: 0 Measurement Pilot Capability: 0 70 00 00 00 00 p.... Extended Capabilities: len 10 Capability: bit 2: Extended channel switching Capability: bit 19: BSS transition Capability: bit 32: QoS Map Capability: bit 62: Opmode Notification 04 00 08 00 01 00 00 40 00 01 .......@.. > Event: New Station (0x13) len 32 57.824877 Interface Index: 15 (0x0000000f) MAC Address 02:00:00:00:02:00 Generation: 1 (0x00000001) Station Info: len 0 > Event: New Station (0x13) len 32 57.824898 Interface Index: 15 (0x0000000f) MAC Address 02:00:00:00:02:00 Generation: 1 (0x00000001) Station Info: len 0 > Event: Frame (0x3b) len 80 57.825838 Wiphy: 2 (0x00000002) Interface Index: 7 (0x00000007) Wireless Device: 8589934593 (0x0000000200000001) Wiphy Frequency: 2412 (0x0000096c) RX Signal dBm: -20 Frame: len 30 Frame Type: 0x00b0 Type: Management (0) Authentication: Frame Control: protocol: 00 type: 00 subtype: 11 to: 00 from: 00 more_frags: 00 retry: 00 power_mgmt: 00 more_data: 00 protected: 00 order: 00 Duration: 314 Address 1 (RA): 02:00:00:00:02:00 Address 2 (TA): 02:00:00:00:03:00 Address 3: 02:00:00:00:02:00 Fragment Number: 0 Sequence Number: 0 Algorithm: Open (seq: 1, status: 0) b0 00 3a 01 02 00 00 00 02 00 02 00 00 00 03 00 ..:............. 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00 .............. < Request: Frame (0x3b) len 52 [ack] 57.825929 Interface Index: 7 (0x00000007) Wiphy Frequency: 2412 (0x0000096c) Frame: len 30 Frame Type: 0x00b0 Type: Management (0) Authentication: Frame Control: protocol: 00 type: 00 subtype: 11 to: 00 from: 00 more_frags: 00 retry: 00 power_mgmt: 00 more_data: 00 protected: 00 order: 00 Duration: 0 Address 1 (RA): 02:00:00:00:03:00 Address 2 (TA): 02:00:00:00:02:00 Address 3: 02:00:00:00:02:00 Fragment Number: 0 Sequence Number: 0 Algorithm: Open (seq: 2, status: 17) b0 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 03 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 ................ 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 11 00 .............. > Result: Frame (0x3b) len 12 57.825943 Cookie: 4 (0x0000000000000004) > Response: Frame (0x3b) len 4 [0x100] 57.825945 Status: Success (0) > Event: Scan Aborted (0x23) len 368 57.825983 Wiphy: 3 (0x00000003) Interface Index: 15 (0x0000000f) Wireless Device: 12884901892 (0x0000000300000004) Scan SSIDs: len 4 0: len 0 Scan Frequencies: len 304 0: 2412 (0x0000096c) 1: 2417 (0x00000971) 2: 2422 (0x00000976) 3: 2427 (0x0000097b) 4: 2432 (0x00000980) 5: 2437 (0x00000985) 6: 2442 (0x0000098a) 7: 2447 (0x0000098f) 8: 2452 (0x00000994) 9: 2457 (0x00000999) 10: 2462 (0x0000099e) 11: 2467 (0x000009a3) 12: 2472 (0x000009a8) 13: 2484 (0x000009b4) 14: 5180 (0x0000143c) 15: 5200 (0x00001450) 16: 5220 (0x00001464) 17: 5240 (0x00001478) 18: 5260 (0x0000148c) 19: 5280 (0x000014a0) 20: 5300 (0x000014b4) 21: 5320 (0x000014c8) 22: 5500 (0x0000157c) 23: 5520 (0x00001590) 24: 5540 (0x000015a4) 25: 5560 (0x000015b8) 26: 5580 (0x000015cc) 27: 5600 (0x000015e0) 28: 5620 (0x000015f4) 29: 5640 (0x00001608) 30: 5660 (0x0000161c) 31: 5680 (0x00001630) 32: 5700 (0x00001644) 33: 5745 (0x00001671) 34: 5765 (0x00001685) 35: 5785 (0x00001699) 36: 5805 (0x000016ad) 37: 5825 (0x000016c1) Information Elements: len 12 Extended Capabilities: len 10 Capability: bit 2: Extended channel switching Capability: bit 19: BSS transition Capability: bit 32: QoS Map Capability: bit 62: Opmode Notification 04 00 08 00 01 00 00 40 00 01 .......@.. Scan Flags: 2056 (0x00000808) > Event: Scan Aborted (0x23) len 368 57.825985 Wiphy: 3 (0x00000003) Interface Index: 15 (0x0000000f) Wireless Device: 12884901892 (0x0000000300000004) Scan SSIDs: len 4 0: len 0 Scan Frequencies: len 304 0: 2412 (0x0000096c) 1: 2417 (0x00000971) 2: 2422 (0x00000976) 3: 2427 (0x0000097b) 4: 2432 (0x00000980) 5: 2437 (0x00000985) 6: 2442 (0x0000098a) 7: 2447 (0x0000098f) 8: 2452 (0x00000994) 9: 2457 (0x00000999) 10: 2462 (0x0000099e) 11: 2467 (0x000009a3) 12: 2472 (0x000009a8) 13: 2484 (0x000009b4) 14: 5180 (0x0000143c) 15: 5200 (0x00001450) 16: 5220 (0x00001464) 17: 5240 (0x00001478) 18: 5260 (0x0000148c) 19: 5280 (0x000014a0) 20: 5300 (0x000014b4) 21: 5320 (0x000014c8) 22: 5500 (0x0000157c) 23: 5520 (0x00001590) 24: 5540 (0x000015a4) 25: 5560 (0x000015b8) 26: 5580 (0x000015cc) 27: 5600 (0x000015e0) 28: 5620 (0x000015f4) 29: 5640 (0x00001608) 30: 5660 (0x0000161c) 31: 5680 (0x00001630) 32: 5700 (0x00001644) 33: 5745 (0x00001671) 34: 5765 (0x00001685) 35: 5785 (0x00001699) 36: 5805 (0x000016ad) 37: 5825 (0x000016c1) Information Elements: len 12 Extended Capabilities: len 10 Capability: bit 2: Extended channel switching Capability: bit 19: BSS transition Capability: bit 32: QoS Map Capability: bit 62: Opmode Notification 04 00 08 00 01 00 00 40 00 01 .......@.. Scan Flags: 2056 (0x00000808) > Event: Frame TX Status (0x3c) len 80 57.826077 Wiphy: 2 (0x00000002) Interface Index: 7 (0x00000007) Wireless Device: 8589934593 (0x0000000200000001) Frame: len 30 Frame Type: 0x00b0 Type: Management (0) Authentication: Frame Control: protocol: 00 type: 00 subtype: 11 to: 00 from: 00 more_frags: 00 retry: 00 power_mgmt: 00 more_data: 00 protected: 00 order: 00 Duration: 0 Address 1 (RA): 02:00:00:00:03:00 Address 2 (TA): 02:00:00:00:02:00 Address 3: 02:00:00:00:02:00 Fragment Number: 0 Sequence Number: 0 Algorithm: Open (seq: 2, status: 17) b0 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 03 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 ................ 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 11 00 .............. Cookie: 4 (0x0000000000000004) ACK: true > Event: Frame TX Status (0x3c) len 80 57.826078 Wiphy: 2 (0x00000002) Interface Index: 7 (0x00000007) Wireless Device: 8589934593 (0x0000000200000001) Frame: len 30 Frame Type: 0x00b0 Type: Management (0) Authentication: Frame Control: protocol: 00 type: 00 subtype: 11 to: 00 from: 00 more_frags: 00 retry: 00 power_mgmt: 00 more_data: 00 protected: 00 order: 00 Duration: 0 Address 1 (RA): 02:00:00:00:03:00 Address 2 (TA): 02:00:00:00:02:00 Address 3: 02:00:00:00:02:00 Fragment Number: 0 Sequence Number: 0 Algorithm: Open (seq: 2, status: 17) b0 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 03 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 ................ 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 02 00 11 00 .............. Cookie: 4 (0x0000000000000004) ACK: true > Event: Del Station (0x14) len 744 57.826941 Interface Index: 15 (0x0000000f) MAC Address 02:00:00:00:02:00 Generation: 2 (0x00000002) Station Info: len 712 Connected time: 0 (0x00000000) Inactivity time: 1 (0x00000001) Reserved: len 8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ Total RX bytes: 30 (0x0000001e) Total TX bytes: 30 (0x0000001e) Total RX bytes: 30 (0x000000000000001e) Total TX bytes: 30 (0x000000000000001e) Reserved: len 8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ Reserved: len 8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ Signal strength: -20 Signal strength average: -20 TX bitrate: len 16 Bit Rate: 10 (0x0000000a) Bit Rate (Legacy): 10 (0x000a) RX packets: 2 (0x00000002) TX packets: 1 (0x00000001) TX retries: 10 (0x0000000a) TX failed: 0 (0x00000000) Beacon loss: 0 (0x00000000) BSS parameters: len 16 DTIM Period: 0 (0x00) Beacon Interval: 100 (0x0064) Station flags: len 8 Mask: 0x000000fe Authorized ShortPreamble WME MFP Authenticated TDLS-Peer Associated Set: 0x00000000 Reserved: len 8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ Reserved: len 8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ Reserved: len 1 00 . Reserved: len 476 1c 00 01 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 02 00 ................ 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 03 00 0c 00 01 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 1c 00 04 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 1c 00 05 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 06 00 ................ 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 07 00 0c 00 01 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 1c 00 08 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 1c 00 09 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 0a 00 ................ 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 0b 00 0c 00 01 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 1c 00 0c 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 1c 00 0d 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 0e 00 ................ 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 0f 00 0c 00 01 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 1c 00 10 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 1c 00 11 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0c 00 02 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ............ > Event: Del Station (0x14) len 744 57.826943 Interface Index: 15 (0x0000000f) MAC Address 02:00:00:00:02:00 Generation: 2 (0x00000002) Station Info: len 712 Connected time: 0 (0x00000000) Inactivity time: 1 (0x00000001) Reserved: len 8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ Total RX bytes: 30 (0x0000001e) Total TX bytes: 30 (0x0000001e) Total RX bytes: 30 (0x000000000000001e) Total TX bytes: 30 (0x000000000000001e) Reserved: len 8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ Reserved: len 8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ Signal strength: -20 Signal strength average: -20 TX bitrate: len 16 Bit Rate: 10 (0x0000000a) Bit Rate (Legacy): 10 (0x000a) RX packets: 2 (0x00000002) TX packets: 1 (0x00000001) TX retries: 10 (0x0000000a) TX failed: 0 (0x00000000) Beacon loss: 0 (0x00000000) BSS parameters: len 16 DTIM Period: 0 (0x00) Beacon Interval: 100 (0x0064) Station flags: len 8 Mask: 0x000000fe Authorized ShortPreamble WME MFP Authenticated TDLS-Peer Associated Set: 0x00000000 Reserved: len 8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ Reserved: len 8 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ........ Reserved: len 1 00 . Reserved: len 476 1c 00 01 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 02 00 ................ 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 03 00 0c 00 01 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 1c 00 04 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 1c 00 05 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 06 00 ................ 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 07 00 0c 00 01 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 1c 00 08 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 1c 00 09 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 0a 00 ................ 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 0b 00 0c 00 01 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 1c 00 0c 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 1c 00 0d 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 0e 00 ................ 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 1c 00 0f 00 0c 00 01 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 1c 00 10 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 00 00 00 00 0c 00 02 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 1c 00 11 00 0c 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ................ 0c 00 02 00 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ............ > Event: Authenticate (0x25) len 52 57.826951 Wiphy: 3 (0x00000003) Interface Index: 15 (0x0000000f) Frame: len 30 Frame Type: 0x00b0 Type: Management (0) Authentication: Frame Control: protocol: 00 type: 00 subtype: 11 to: 00 from: 00 more_frags: 00 retry: 00 power_mgmt: 00 more_data: 00 protected: 00 order: 00 Duration: 314 Address 1 (RA): 02:00:00:00:03:00 Address 2 (TA): 02:00:00:00:02:00 Address 3: 02:00:00:00:02:00 Fragment Number: 0 Sequence Number: 16 Algorithm: Open (seq: 2, status: 17) b0 00 3a 01 02 00 00 00 03 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 ..:............. 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 02 00 11 00 .............. > Event: Authenticate (0x25) len 52 57.826952 Wiphy: 3 (0x00000003) Interface Index: 15 (0x0000000f) Frame: len 30 Frame Type: 0x00b0 Type: Management (0) Authentication: Frame Control: protocol: 00 type: 00 subtype: 11 to: 00 from: 00 more_frags: 00 retry: 00 power_mgmt: 00 more_data: 00 protected: 00 order: 00 Duration: 314 Address 1 (RA): 02:00:00:00:03:00 Address 2 (TA): 02:00:00:00:02:00 Address 3: 02:00:00:00:02:00 Fragment Number: 0 Sequence Number: 16 Algorithm: Open (seq: 2, status: 17) b0 00 3a 01 02 00 00 00 03 00 02 00 00 00 02 00 ..:............. 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 02 00 11 00 .............. > Event: Connect (0x2e) len 36 57.826954 Wiphy: 3 (0x00000003) Interface Index: 15 (0x0000000f) MAC Address 02:00:00:00:02:00 Status Code: 17 (0x0011) > Event: Connect (0x2e) len 36 57.826966 Wiphy: 3 (0x00000003) Interface Index: 15 (0x0000000f) MAC Address 02:00:00:00:02:00 Status Code: 17 (0x0011) > Response: Connect (0x2e) len 4 [0x100] 57.827072 Status: Success (0)