The implementation of the current virtio-balloon is not very
efficient, the time spends on different stages of inflating
the balloon to 7GB of a 8GB idle guest:
a. allocating pages (6.5%)
b. sending PFNs to host (68.3%)
c. address translation (6.1%)
d. madvise (19%)
It takes about 4126ms for the inflating process to complete.
Debugging shows that the bottle neck are the stage b and stage d.
If using a bitmap to send the page info instead of the PFNs, we
can reduce the overhead in stage b quite a lot. Furthermore, we
can do the address translation and call madvise() with a bulk of
RAM pages, instead of the current page per page way, the overhead
of stage c and stage d can also be reduced a lot.
This patch is the kernel side implementation which is intended to
speed up the inflating & deflating process by adding a new feature
to the virtio-balloon device. With this new feature, inflating the
balloon to 7GB of a 8GB idle guest only takes 590ms, the
performance improvement is about 85%.
TODO: optimize stage a by allocating/freeing a chunk of pages
instead of a single page at a time.
Signed-off-by: Liang Li <liang.z.li@xxxxxxxxx>
Suggested-by: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Michael S. Tsirkin <mst@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Paolo Bonzini <pbonzini@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Cornelia Huck <cornelia.huck@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Amit Shah <amit.shah@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Dave Hansen <dave.hansen@xxxxxxxxx>
---
drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c | 233 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-----
1 file changed, 209 insertions(+), 24 deletions(-)
diff --git a/drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c b/drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c
index 59ffe5a..c31839c 100644
--- a/drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c
+++ b/drivers/virtio/virtio_balloon.c
@@ -42,6 +42,10 @@
#define OOM_VBALLOON_DEFAULT_PAGES 256
#define VIRTBALLOON_OOM_NOTIFY_PRIORITY 80
+#define BALLOON_BMAP_SIZE (8 * PAGE_SIZE)
+#define PFNS_PER_BMAP (BALLOON_BMAP_SIZE * BITS_PER_BYTE)
+#define BALLOON_BMAP_COUNT 32
+
static int oom_pages = OOM_VBALLOON_DEFAULT_PAGES;
module_param(oom_pages, int, S_IRUSR | S_IWUSR);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(oom_pages, "pages to free on OOM");
@@ -67,6 +71,13 @@ struct virtio_balloon {
/* Number of balloon pages we've told the Host we're not using. */
unsigned int num_pages;
+ /* Pointer of the bitmap header. */
+ void *bmap_hdr;
+ /* Bitmap and bitmap count used to tell the host the pages */
+ unsigned long *page_bitmap[BALLOON_BMAP_COUNT];
+ unsigned int nr_page_bmap;
+ /* Used to record the processed pfn range */
+ unsigned long min_pfn, max_pfn, start_pfn, end_pfn;
/*
* The pages we've told the Host we're not using are enqueued
* at vb_dev_info->pages list.
@@ -110,16 +121,66 @@ static void balloon_ack(struct virtqueue *vq)
wake_up(&vb->acked);
}
+static inline void init_pfn_range(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
+{
+ vb->min_pfn = ULONG_MAX;
+ vb->max_pfn = 0;
+}
+
+static inline void update_pfn_range(struct virtio_balloon *vb,
+ struct page *page)
+{
+ unsigned long balloon_pfn = page_to_balloon_pfn(page);
+
+ if (balloon_pfn < vb->min_pfn)
+ vb->min_pfn = balloon_pfn;
+ if (balloon_pfn > vb->max_pfn)
+ vb->max_pfn = balloon_pfn;
+}
+
static void tell_host(struct virtio_balloon *vb, struct virtqueue *vq)
{
- struct scatterlist sg;
- unsigned int len;
+ struct scatterlist sg, sg2[BALLOON_BMAP_COUNT + 1];
+ unsigned int len, i;
+
+ if (virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP)) {
+ struct balloon_bmap_hdr *hdr = vb->bmap_hdr;
+ unsigned long bmap_len;
+ int nr_pfn, nr_used_bmap, nr_buf;
+
+ nr_pfn = vb->end_pfn - vb->start_pfn + 1;
+ nr_pfn = roundup(nr_pfn, BITS_PER_LONG);
+ nr_used_bmap = nr_pfn / PFNS_PER_BMAP;
+ bmap_len = nr_pfn / BITS_PER_BYTE;
+ nr_buf = nr_used_bmap + 1;
+
+ /* cmd, reserved and req_id are init to 0, unused here */
+ hdr->page_shift = cpu_to_virtio16(vb->vdev, PAGE_SHIFT);
+ hdr->start_pfn = cpu_to_virtio64(vb->vdev, vb->start_pfn);
+ hdr->bmap_len = cpu_to_virtio64(vb->vdev, bmap_len);
+ sg_init_table(sg2, nr_buf);
+ sg_set_buf(&sg2[0], hdr, sizeof(struct balloon_bmap_hdr));
+ for (i = 0; i < nr_used_bmap; i++) {
+ unsigned int buf_len = BALLOON_BMAP_SIZE;
+
+ if (i + 1 == nr_used_bmap)
+ buf_len = bmap_len - BALLOON_BMAP_SIZE * i;
+ sg_set_buf(&sg2[i + 1], vb->page_bitmap[i], buf_len);
+ }
- sg_init_one(&sg, vb->pfns, sizeof(vb->pfns[0]) * vb->num_pfns);
+ while (vq->num_free < nr_buf)
+ msleep(2);
+ if (virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, sg2, nr_buf, vb, GFP_KERNEL) == 0)
+ virtqueue_kick(vq);
- /* We should always be able to add one buffer to an empty queue. */
- virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, &sg, 1, vb, GFP_KERNEL);
- virtqueue_kick(vq);
+ } else {
+ sg_init_one(&sg, vb->pfns, sizeof(vb->pfns[0]) * vb->num_pfns);
+
+ /* We should always be able to add one buffer to an empty
+ * queue. */
+ virtqueue_add_outbuf(vq, &sg, 1, vb, GFP_KERNEL);
+ virtqueue_kick(vq);
+ }
/* When host has read buffer, this completes via balloon_ack */
wait_event(vb->acked, virtqueue_get_buf(vq, &len));
@@ -138,13 +199,93 @@ static void set_page_pfns(struct virtio_balloon *vb,
page_to_balloon_pfn(page) + i);
}
-static unsigned fill_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
+static void extend_page_bitmap(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
+{
+ int i;
+ unsigned long bmap_len, bmap_count;
+
+ bmap_len = ALIGN(get_max_pfn(), BITS_PER_LONG) / BITS_PER_BYTE;
+ bmap_count = bmap_len / BALLOON_BMAP_SIZE;
+ if (bmap_len % BALLOON_BMAP_SIZE)
+ bmap_count++;
+ if (bmap_count > BALLOON_BMAP_COUNT)
+ bmap_count = BALLOON_BMAP_COUNT;
+
+ for (i = 1; i < bmap_count; i++) {
+ vb->page_bitmap[i] = kmalloc(BALLOON_BMAP_SIZE, GFP_ATOMIC);
+ if (vb->page_bitmap[i])
+ vb->nr_page_bmap++;
+ else
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+static void kfree_page_bitmap(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < vb->nr_page_bmap; i++)
+ kfree(vb->page_bitmap[i]);
+}
+
+static void clear_page_bitmap(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ for (i = 0; i < vb->nr_page_bmap; i++)
+ memset(vb->page_bitmap[i], 0, BALLOON_BMAP_SIZE);
+}
+
+static void set_page_bitmap(struct virtio_balloon *vb,
+ struct list_head *pages, struct virtqueue *vq)
+{
+ unsigned long pfn, pfn_limit;
+ struct page *page;
+ bool found;
+ int bmap_idx;
+
+ vb->min_pfn = rounddown(vb->min_pfn, BITS_PER_LONG);
+ vb->max_pfn = roundup(vb->max_pfn, BITS_PER_LONG);
+ pfn_limit = PFNS_PER_BMAP * vb->nr_page_bmap;
+
+ for (pfn = vb->min_pfn; pfn < vb->max_pfn; pfn += pfn_limit) {
+ unsigned long end_pfn;
+
+ clear_page_bitmap(vb);
+ vb->start_pfn = pfn;
+ end_pfn = pfn;
+ found = false;
+ list_for_each_entry(page, pages, lru) {
+ unsigned long pos, balloon_pfn;
+
+ balloon_pfn = page_to_balloon_pfn(page);
+ if (balloon_pfn < pfn || balloon_pfn >= pfn + pfn_limit)
+ continue;
+ bmap_idx = (balloon_pfn - pfn) / PFNS_PER_BMAP;
+ pos = (balloon_pfn - pfn) % PFNS_PER_BMAP;
+ set_bit(pos, vb->page_bitmap[bmap_idx]);
+ if (balloon_pfn > end_pfn)
+ end_pfn = balloon_pfn;
+ found = true;
+ }
+ if (found) {
+ vb->end_pfn = end_pfn;
+ tell_host(vb, vq);
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+static unsigned int fill_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num,
+ bool use_bmap)
{
struct balloon_dev_info *vb_dev_info = &vb->vb_dev_info;
- unsigned num_allocated_pages;
+ unsigned int num_allocated_pages;
- /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
- num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));
+ if (use_bmap)
+ init_pfn_range(vb);
+ else
+ /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
+ num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));
mutex_lock(&vb->balloon_lock);
for (vb->num_pfns = 0; vb->num_pfns < num;
@@ -159,7 +300,10 @@ static unsigned fill_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
msleep(200);
break;
}
- set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
+ if (use_bmap)
+ update_pfn_range(vb, page);
+ else
+ set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
vb->num_pages += VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
if (!virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev,
VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_DEFLATE_ON_OOM))
@@ -168,8 +312,13 @@ static unsigned fill_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
num_allocated_pages = vb->num_pfns;
/* Did we get any? */
- if (vb->num_pfns != 0)
- tell_host(vb, vb->inflate_vq);
+ if (vb->num_pfns != 0) {
+ if (use_bmap)
+ set_page_bitmap(vb, &vb_dev_info->pages,
+ vb->inflate_vq);
+ else
+ tell_host(vb, vb->inflate_vq);
+ }
mutex_unlock(&vb->balloon_lock);
return num_allocated_pages;
@@ -189,15 +338,19 @@ static void release_pages_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb,
}
}
-static unsigned leak_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
+static unsigned int leak_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num,
+ bool use_bmap)
{
- unsigned num_freed_pages;
+ unsigned int num_freed_pages;
struct page *page;
struct balloon_dev_info *vb_dev_info = &vb->vb_dev_info;
LIST_HEAD(pages);
- /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
- num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));
+ if (use_bmap)
+ init_pfn_range(vb);
+ else
+ /* We can only do one array worth at a time. */
+ num = min(num, ARRAY_SIZE(vb->pfns));
mutex_lock(&vb->balloon_lock);
/* We can't release more pages than taken */
@@ -207,7 +360,10 @@ static unsigned leak_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
page = balloon_page_dequeue(vb_dev_info);
if (!page)
break;
- set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
+ if (use_bmap)
+ update_pfn_range(vb, page);
+ else
+ set_page_pfns(vb, vb->pfns + vb->num_pfns, page);
list_add(&page->lru, &pages);
vb->num_pages -= VIRTIO_BALLOON_PAGES_PER_PAGE;
}
@@ -218,8 +374,14 @@ static unsigned leak_balloon(struct virtio_balloon *vb, size_t num)
* virtio_has_feature(vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_MUST_TELL_HOST);
* is true, we *have* to do it in this order
*/
- if (vb->num_pfns != 0)
- tell_host(vb, vb->deflate_vq);
+ if (vb->num_pfns != 0) {
+ if (use_bmap)
+ set_page_bitmap(vb, &pages, vb->deflate_vq);
+ else
+ tell_host(vb, vb->deflate_vq);
+
+ release_pages_balloon(vb, &pages);
+ }
release_pages_balloon(vb, &pages);
mutex_unlock(&vb->balloon_lock);
return num_freed_pages;
@@ -354,13 +516,15 @@ static int virtballoon_oom_notify(struct notifier_block *self,
struct virtio_balloon *vb;
unsigned long *freed;
unsigned num_freed_pages;
+ bool use_bmap;
vb = container_of(self, struct virtio_balloon, nb);
if (!virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_DEFLATE_ON_OOM))
return NOTIFY_OK;
freed = parm;
- num_freed_pages = leak_balloon(vb, oom_pages);
+ use_bmap = virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP);
+ num_freed_pages = leak_balloon(vb, oom_pages, use_bmap);
update_balloon_size(vb);
*freed += num_freed_pages;
@@ -380,15 +544,19 @@ static void update_balloon_size_func(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct virtio_balloon *vb;
s64 diff;
+ bool use_bmap;
vb = container_of(work, struct virtio_balloon,
update_balloon_size_work);
diff = towards_target(vb);
+ use_bmap = virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP);
+ if (use_bmap && diff && vb->nr_page_bmap == 1)
+ extend_page_bitmap(vb);
if (diff > 0)
- diff -= fill_balloon(vb, diff);
+ diff -= fill_balloon(vb, diff, use_bmap);
else if (diff < 0)
- diff += leak_balloon(vb, -diff);
+ diff += leak_balloon(vb, -diff, use_bmap);
update_balloon_size(vb);
if (diff)
@@ -533,6 +701,17 @@ static int virtballoon_probe(struct virtio_device *vdev)
spin_lock_init(&vb->stop_update_lock);
vb->stop_update = false;
vb->num_pages = 0;
+ vb->bmap_hdr = kzalloc(sizeof(struct balloon_bmap_hdr), GFP_KERNEL);
+ /* Clear the feature bit if memory allocation fails */
+ if (!vb->bmap_hdr)
+ __virtio_clear_bit(vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP);
+ else {
+ vb->page_bitmap[0] = kmalloc(BALLOON_BMAP_SIZE, GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (!vb->page_bitmap[0])
+ __virtio_clear_bit(vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP);
+ else
+ vb->nr_page_bmap = 1;
+ }
mutex_init(&vb->balloon_lock);
init_waitqueue_head(&vb->acked);
vb->vdev = vdev;
@@ -583,9 +762,12 @@ out:
static void remove_common(struct virtio_balloon *vb)
{
+ bool use_bmap;
+
+ use_bmap = virtio_has_feature(vb->vdev, VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP);
/* There might be pages left in the balloon: free them. */
while (vb->num_pages)
- leak_balloon(vb, vb->num_pages);
+ leak_balloon(vb, vb->num_pages, use_bmap);
update_balloon_size(vb);
/* Now we reset the device so we can clean up the queues. */
@@ -609,6 +791,8 @@ static void virtballoon_remove(struct virtio_device *vdev)
remove_common(vb);
if (vb->vb_dev_info.inode)
iput(vb->vb_dev_info.inode);
+ kfree_page_bitmap(vb);
+ kfree(vb->bmap_hdr);
kfree(vb);
}
@@ -647,6 +831,7 @@ static unsigned int features[] = {
VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_MUST_TELL_HOST,
VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_STATS_VQ,
VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_DEFLATE_ON_OOM,
+ VIRTIO_BALLOON_F_PAGE_BITMAP,
};
static struct virtio_driver virtio_balloon_driver = {
--
1.8.3.1
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