Hi Zach, I'm wondering what the interface requirements of set_pte_at()'s "addr" and "ptep" args are. I presume that in general the ptep points to the pte entry which corresponds to the vaddr, but is this necessarily the case? For example, it is valid to pass a non-highmem page kmap_atomic(), which will simply return a direct pointer to the page. kunmap_atomic() takes this address, as well as the kmap slot index, and ends up calling: set_pte_at(&init_mm, lowmem_vaddr, kmap_ptep, 0); ie, the vaddr and the ptep bear no relationship to each other. Is this a bug in kunmap_atomic (it shouldn't try to clear the pte for lowmem addresses), or should set_pte_at's implementation be able to cope with this. Certainly at the moment, having mismatched ptep and vaddr makes the interface useless for Xen, since it will use one or the other depending on whether we modifying the current pagetable or not, and it assume they correspond to the same thing. For now I've changed kunmap_atomic() to only clear the kmap pte for mapped high page addresses, but I'm wondering what other places might use set_pte_at in this way. Also, it would be useful for Xen to have a set_pte_at_sync, which also does a TLB flush if necessary, since we can do that in a single operation. J