I tried booting the paravirt patches on a real machine to see what would happen. It had worked OK under qemu, so I thought it would be worth it. It seems to boot OK, though perhaps fairly slowly, but once it hits usermode it gets into trouble. When starting udevd, the startup script runs MAKEDEV, which seems to get stuck in an infinite loop in userspace. It eventually gets past that part of the boot sequence - very slowly - then oopses at some later point. I haven't tried dissecting the patches to see where the problem might arise. I'll try again on a machine with a serial console to see if I can get a better idea of what's failing. The patches I'm talking about are: 006-paravirt_header.patch 007-paravirt-descriptor-ops.patch 008-paravirt-structure.patch 009-binary-patch.patch 011-paravirt-head.S.patch 012-paravirt-arch-setup.patch applied to a 2.6.18-rc2-mm1 tree (with the initial part of the series as well, of course). Any ideas? J