Re: [PATCH] modules: add modalias file to sysfs for modules.

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Le 28/11/2022 à 21:13, Allen Webb a écrit :
> USB devices support the authorized attribute which can be used by
> user-space to implement trust-based systems for enabling USB devices. It
> would be helpful when building these systems to be able to know in
> advance which kernel drivers (or modules) are reachable from a
> particular USB device.
> 
> This information is readily available for external modules in
> modules.alias. However, builtin kernel modules are not covered. This
> patch adds a sys-fs attribute to both builtin and loaded modules
> exposing the matching rules in the modalias format for integration
> with tools like USBGuard.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Allen Webb <allenwebb@xxxxxxxxxx>
> ---

You already sent a patch with the same title on Nov 11th. Why are you 
resending ?

The line count is different from previous patch. Is that just a rebase ?

The commit message is different, so is it a new version ? If so it 
should be marked [PATCH v2] in the title.

Also, there should be some explanation of the resend here below the ---, 
so that everyone knows the reason you are resending or sending a new 
version.

>   drivers/base/Makefile          |   2 +-
>   drivers/base/base.h            |   8 ++
>   drivers/base/bus.c             |  42 ++++++
>   drivers/base/mod_devicetable.c | 247 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   drivers/usb/core/driver.c      |   2 +
>   include/linux/device/bus.h     |   8 ++
>   include/linux/module.h         |   1 +
>   kernel/module/internal.h       |   2 +
>   kernel/module/sysfs.c          | 100 +++++++++++++
>   kernel/params.c                |   2 +
>   10 files changed, 413 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
>   create mode 100644 drivers/base/mod_devicetable.c
> 
> diff --git a/drivers/base/Makefile b/drivers/base/Makefile
> index 83217d243c25b..924d46ae987f4 100644
> --- a/drivers/base/Makefile
> +++ b/drivers/base/Makefile
> @@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ obj-y				+= firmware_loader/
>   obj-$(CONFIG_NUMA)	+= node.o
>   obj-$(CONFIG_MEMORY_HOTPLUG) += memory.o
>   ifeq ($(CONFIG_SYSFS),y)
> -obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES)	+= module.o
> +obj-$(CONFIG_MODULES)	+= mod_devicetable.o module.o
>   endif
>   obj-$(CONFIG_SYS_HYPERVISOR) += hypervisor.o
>   obj-$(CONFIG_REGMAP)	+= regmap/
> diff --git a/drivers/base/base.h b/drivers/base/base.h
> index b902d1ecc247f..beaa252c04388 100644
> --- a/drivers/base/base.h
> +++ b/drivers/base/base.h
> @@ -173,6 +173,14 @@ static inline void module_add_driver(struct module *mod,
>   static inline void module_remove_driver(struct device_driver *drv) { }
>   #endif
>   
> +#if defined(CONFIG_SYSFS)
> +ssize_t usb_drv_to_modalias(struct device_driver *drv, char *buf,
> +			    size_t count);
> +#else
> +static inline ssize_t usb_drv_to_modalias(struct device_driver *drv, char *buf,
> +					  size_t count) { return -EINVAL; }
> +#endif
> +
>   #ifdef CONFIG_DEVTMPFS
>   extern int devtmpfs_init(void);
>   #else
> diff --git a/drivers/base/bus.c b/drivers/base/bus.c
> index 7ca47e5b3c1f4..4e0c5925545e5 100644
> --- a/drivers/base/bus.c
> +++ b/drivers/base/bus.c
> @@ -178,6 +178,48 @@ static const struct kset_uevent_ops bus_uevent_ops = {
>   
>   static struct kset *bus_kset;
>   
> +/**
> + * bus_for_each - bus iterator.
> + * @start: bus to start iterating from.
> + * @data: data for the callback.
> + * @fn: function to be called for each device.
> + *
> + * Iterate over list of buses, and call @fn for each,
> + * passing it @data. If @start is not NULL, we use that bus to
> + * begin iterating from.
> + *
> + * We check the return of @fn each time. If it returns anything
> + * other than 0, we break out and return that value.
> + *
> + * NOTE: The bus that returns a non-zero value is not retained
> + * in any way, nor is its refcount incremented. If the caller needs
> + * to retain this data, it should do so, and increment the reference
> + * count in the supplied callback.
> + */
> +int bus_for_each(void *data, int (*fn)(struct bus_type *, void *))
> +{
> +	int error = 0;
> +	struct bus_type *bus;
> +	struct subsys_private *bus_prv;
> +	struct kset *subsys;
> +	struct kobject *k;
> +
> +	spin_lock(&bus_kset->list_lock);
> +
> +	list_for_each_entry(k, &bus_kset->list, entry) {
> +		subsys = container_of(k, struct kset, kobj);
> +		bus_prv = container_of(subsys, struct subsys_private, subsys);
> +		bus = bus_prv->bus;
> +		error = fn(bus, data);
> +		if (error)
> +			break;
> +	}
> +
> +	spin_unlock(&bus_kset->list_lock);
> +	return error;
> +}
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(bus_for_each);
> +
>   /* Manually detach a device from its associated driver. */
>   static ssize_t unbind_store(struct device_driver *drv, const char *buf,
>   			    size_t count)
> diff --git a/drivers/base/mod_devicetable.c b/drivers/base/mod_devicetable.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 0000000000000..b04442207668c
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/drivers/base/mod_devicetable.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * mod_devicetable.c - helpers for displaying modaliases through sysfs.
> + *
> + * This borrows a lot from file2alias.c
> + */
> +
> +#include <linux/device/bus.h>
> +#include <linux/device.h>
> +#include <linux/usb.h>
> +
> +#include "base.h"
> +#include "../usb/core/usb.h"
> +
> +#define ADD(buf, count, len, sep, cond, field)				\
> +do {									\
> +	if (cond)							\
> +		(len) += scnprintf(&(buf)[len],				\
> +			(count) - (len),				\
> +			sizeof(field) == 1 ? (sep "%02X") :		\
> +			sizeof(field) == 2 ? (sep "%04X") :		\
> +			sizeof(field) == 4 ? (sep "%08X") : "",		\
> +			(field));					\
> +	else								\
> +		(len) += scnprintf(&(buf)[len], (count) - (len), (sep "*")); \
> +} while (0)
> +
> +#ifdef CONFIG_USB
> +/* USB related modaliases can be split because of device number matching, so
> + * this function handles individual modaliases for one segment of the range.
> + *
> + *
> + */
> +static ssize_t usb_id_to_modalias(const struct usb_device_id *id,
> +				  unsigned int bcdDevice_initial,
> +				  int bcdDevice_initial_digits,
> +				  unsigned char range_lo,
> +				  unsigned char range_hi,
> +				  unsigned char max, const char *mod_name,
> +				  char *buf, size_t count)
> +{
> +	ssize_t len = 0;
> +
> +	ADD(buf, count, len, "alias usb:v",
> +	    id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_VENDOR, id->idVendor);
> +	ADD(buf, count, len, "p", id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_PRODUCT,
> +	    id->idProduct);
> +
> +	len += scnprintf(&buf[len], count - len, "d");
> +	if (bcdDevice_initial_digits)
> +		len += scnprintf(&buf[len], count - len, "%0*X",
> +			bcdDevice_initial_digits, bcdDevice_initial);
> +	if (range_lo == range_hi) {
> +		len += scnprintf(&buf[len], count - len, "%X", range_lo);
> +	} else if (range_lo > 0 || range_hi < max) {
> +		if (range_lo > 0x9 || range_hi < 0xA) {
> +			len += scnprintf(&buf[len], count - len, "[%X-%X]",
> +					 range_lo, range_hi);
> +		} else {
> +			len += scnprintf(&buf[len], count - len,
> +				range_lo < 0x9 ? "[%X-9" : "[%X",
> +				range_lo);
> +			len += scnprintf(&buf[len], count - len,
> +				range_hi > 0xA ? "A-%X]" : "%X]",
> +				range_hi);
> +		}
> +	}
> +	if (bcdDevice_initial_digits < (sizeof(id->bcdDevice_lo) * 2 - 1))
> +		len += scnprintf(&buf[len], count - len, "*");
> +
> +	ADD(buf, count, len, "dc",
> +	    id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_CLASS, id->bDeviceClass);
> +	ADD(buf, count, len, "dsc",
> +	    id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_SUBCLASS,
> +	    id->bDeviceSubClass);
> +	ADD(buf, count, len, "dp",
> +	    id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_PROTOCOL,
> +	    id->bDeviceProtocol);
> +	ADD(buf, count, len, "ic",
> +	    id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_CLASS,
> +	    id->bInterfaceClass);
> +	ADD(buf, count, len, "isc",
> +	    id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_SUBCLASS,
> +	    id->bInterfaceSubClass);
> +	ADD(buf, count, len, "ip",
> +	    id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_PROTOCOL,
> +	    id->bInterfaceProtocol);
> +	ADD(buf, count, len, "in",
> +	    id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_INT_NUMBER,
> +	    id->bInterfaceNumber);
> +
> +	len += scnprintf(&buf[len], count - len, " %s\n", mod_name);
> +	return len;
> +}
> +
> +/* Handles increment/decrement of BCD formatted integers */
> +/* Returns the previous value, so it works like i++ or i-- */
> +static unsigned int incbcd(unsigned int *bcd,
> +			   int inc,
> +			   unsigned char max,
> +			   size_t chars)
> +{
> +	unsigned int init = *bcd, i, j;
> +	unsigned long long c, dec = 0;
> +
> +	/* If bcd is not in BCD format, just increment */
> +	if (max > 0x9) {
> +		*bcd += inc;
> +		return init;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Convert BCD to Decimal */
> +	for (i = 0 ; i < chars ; i++) {
> +		c = (*bcd >> (i << 2)) & 0xf;
> +		c = c > 9 ? 9 : c; /* force to bcd just in case */
> +		for (j = 0 ; j < i ; j++)
> +			c = c * 10;
> +		dec += c;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Do our increment/decrement */
> +	dec += inc;
> +	*bcd  = 0;
> +
> +	/* Convert back to BCD */
> +	for (i = 0 ; i < chars ; i++) {
> +		for (c = 1, j = 0 ; j < i ; j++)
> +			c = c * 10;
> +		c = (dec / c) % 10;
> +		*bcd += c << (i << 2);
> +	}
> +	return init;
> +}
> +
> +/* Print the modaliases for the specified struct usb_device_id.
> + */
> +static ssize_t usb_id_to_modalias_multi(const struct usb_device_id *id,
> +					const char *mod_name, char *buf,
> +					size_t count)
> +{
> +	ssize_t len = 0;
> +	unsigned int devlo, devhi;
> +	unsigned char chi, clo, max;
> +	int ndigits;
> +
> +	devlo = id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_LO ?
> +		id->bcdDevice_lo : 0x0U;
> +	devhi = id->match_flags & USB_DEVICE_ID_MATCH_DEV_HI ?
> +		id->bcdDevice_hi : ~0x0U;
> +
> +	/* Figure out if this entry is in bcd or hex format */
> +	max = 0x9; /* Default to decimal format */
> +	for (ndigits = 0 ; ndigits < sizeof(id->bcdDevice_lo) * 2 ; ndigits++) {
> +		clo = (devlo >> (ndigits << 2)) & 0xf;
> +		chi = ((devhi > 0x9999 ? 0x9999 : devhi) >>
> +		       (ndigits << 2)) & 0xf;
> +		if (clo > max || chi > max) {
> +			max = 0xf;
> +			break;
> +		}
> +	}
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * Some modules (visor) have empty slots as placeholder for
> +	 * run-time specification that results in catch-all alias
> +	 */
> +	if (!(id->idVendor || id->idProduct || id->bDeviceClass ||
> +	      id->bInterfaceClass))
> +		return len;
> +
> +	/* Convert numeric bcdDevice range into fnmatch-able pattern(s) */
> +	for (ndigits = sizeof(id->bcdDevice_lo) * 2 - 1; devlo <= devhi;
> +	     ndigits--) {
> +		clo = devlo & 0xf;
> +		chi = devhi & 0xf;
> +		/* If we are in bcd mode, truncate if necessary */
> +		if (chi > max)
> +			chi = max;
> +		devlo >>= 4;
> +		devhi >>= 4;
> +
> +		if (devlo == devhi || !ndigits) {
> +			len += usb_id_to_modalias(id, devlo, ndigits, clo, chi,
> +						  max, mod_name, buf + len,
> +						  count - len);
> +			break;
> +		}
> +
> +		if (clo > 0x0)
> +			len += usb_id_to_modalias(id,
> +				incbcd(&devlo, 1, max,
> +				       sizeof(id->bcdDevice_lo) * 2),
> +				ndigits, clo, max, max, mod_name, buf + len,
> +				count - len);
> +
> +		if (chi < max)
> +			len += usb_id_to_modalias(id,
> +				incbcd(&devhi, -1, max,
> +				       sizeof(id->bcdDevice_lo) * 2),
> +				ndigits, 0x0, chi, max, mod_name, buf + len,
> +				count - len);
> +	}
> +	return len;
> +}
> +
> +/* Print the modaliases for the given driver assumed to be an usb_driver or
> + * usb_device_driver.
> + *
> + * "alias" is prepended and the module name is appended to each modalias to
> + * match the format in modules.aliases.
> + *
> + * The modaliases will be written out to @buf with @count being the maximum
> + * bytes to write. The return value is a negative errno on error or the number
> + * of bytes written to @buf on success.
> + */
> +ssize_t usb_drv_to_modalias(struct device_driver *drv, char *buf,
> +			    size_t count)
> +{
> +	ssize_t len = 0;
> +	const struct usb_device_id *id;
> +	const char *mod_name;
> +
> +	if (drv->bus != &usb_bus_type)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	if (drv->owner)
> +		mod_name = drv->owner->name;
> +	else
> +		mod_name = drv->mod_name;
> +
> +	if (is_usb_device_driver(drv))
> +		id = to_usb_device_driver(drv)->id_table;
> +	else
> +		id = to_usb_driver(drv)->id_table;
> +	if (!id)
> +		return len;
> +
> +	for (; id->match_flags; id++) {
> +		len += usb_id_to_modalias_multi(id, mod_name, buf + len,
> +						count - len);
> +	}
> +	return len;
> +}
> +#else
> +inline ssize_t usb_drv_to_modalias(struct device_driver *drv, char *buf,
> +				   size_t count){ return 0; }
> +#endif
> diff --git a/drivers/usb/core/driver.c b/drivers/usb/core/driver.c
> index 7e7e119c253fb..fdbc197b64c9c 100644
> --- a/drivers/usb/core/driver.c
> +++ b/drivers/usb/core/driver.c
> @@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
>   #include <linux/usb/quirks.h>
>   #include <linux/usb/hcd.h>
>   
> +#include "../../base/base.h"
>   #include "usb.h"
>   
>   
> @@ -2030,4 +2031,5 @@ struct bus_type usb_bus_type = {
>   	.match =	usb_device_match,
>   	.uevent =	usb_uevent,
>   	.need_parent_lock =	true,
> +	.drv_to_modalias = usb_drv_to_modalias,
>   };
> diff --git a/include/linux/device/bus.h b/include/linux/device/bus.h
> index d8b29ccd07e56..cce0bedec63d9 100644
> --- a/include/linux/device/bus.h
> +++ b/include/linux/device/bus.h
> @@ -61,6 +61,10 @@ struct fwnode_handle;
>    *			this bus.
>    * @dma_cleanup:	Called to cleanup DMA configuration on a device on
>    *			this bus.
> + * @drv_to_modalias:    Called to convert the matching IDs in a
> + *                      struct device_driver to their corresponding modaliases.
> + *                      Note that the struct device_driver is expected to belong
> + *                      to this bus.
>    * @pm:		Power management operations of this bus, callback the specific
>    *		device driver's pm-ops.
>    * @iommu_ops:  IOMMU specific operations for this bus, used to attach IOMMU
> @@ -107,6 +111,9 @@ struct bus_type {
>   	int (*dma_configure)(struct device *dev);
>   	void (*dma_cleanup)(struct device *dev);
>   
> +	ssize_t (*drv_to_modalias)(struct device_driver *drv, char *buf,
> +				   size_t count);
> +
>   	const struct dev_pm_ops *pm;
>   
>   	const struct iommu_ops *iommu_ops;
> @@ -161,6 +168,7 @@ void subsys_dev_iter_init(struct subsys_dev_iter *iter,
>   struct device *subsys_dev_iter_next(struct subsys_dev_iter *iter);
>   void subsys_dev_iter_exit(struct subsys_dev_iter *iter);
>   
> +int bus_for_each(void *data, int (*fn)(struct bus_type *, void *));
>   int bus_for_each_dev(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *start, void *data,
>   		     int (*fn)(struct device *dev, void *data));
>   struct device *bus_find_device(struct bus_type *bus, struct device *start,
> diff --git a/include/linux/module.h b/include/linux/module.h
> index ec61fb53979a9..0bfa859a21566 100644
> --- a/include/linux/module.h
> +++ b/include/linux/module.h
> @@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ struct module_kobject {
>   	struct kobject *drivers_dir;
>   	struct module_param_attrs *mp;
>   	struct completion *kobj_completion;
> +	struct bin_attribute modalias_attr;
>   } __randomize_layout;
>   
>   struct module_attribute {
> diff --git a/kernel/module/internal.h b/kernel/module/internal.h
> index 2e2bf236f5582..8d7ae37584868 100644
> --- a/kernel/module/internal.h
> +++ b/kernel/module/internal.h
> @@ -259,11 +259,13 @@ static inline void add_kallsyms(struct module *mod, const struct load_info *info
>   #endif /* CONFIG_KALLSYMS */
>   
>   #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
> +void add_modalias_attr(struct module_kobject *mk);
>   int mod_sysfs_setup(struct module *mod, const struct load_info *info,
>   		    struct kernel_param *kparam, unsigned int num_params);
>   void mod_sysfs_teardown(struct module *mod);
>   void init_param_lock(struct module *mod);
>   #else /* !CONFIG_SYSFS */
> +static inline void add_modalias_attr(struct module_kobject *mk) {}
>   static inline int mod_sysfs_setup(struct module *mod,
>   			   	  const struct load_info *info,
>   			   	  struct kernel_param *kparam,
> diff --git a/kernel/module/sysfs.c b/kernel/module/sysfs.c
> index ce68f821dcd12..e80bfa4639765 100644
> --- a/kernel/module/sysfs.c
> +++ b/kernel/module/sysfs.c
> @@ -5,6 +5,8 @@
>    * Copyright (C) 2008 Rusty Russell
>    */
>   
> +#include <linux/device/bus.h>
> +#include <linux/device/driver.h>
>   #include <linux/module.h>
>   #include <linux/kernel.h>
>   #include <linux/fs.h>
> @@ -240,6 +242,102 @@ static inline void add_notes_attrs(struct module *mod, const struct load_info *i
>   static inline void remove_notes_attrs(struct module *mod) { }
>   #endif /* CONFIG_KALLSYMS */
>   
> +/* Track of the buffer and module identity in callbacks when walking the list of
> + * drivers for each bus.
> + */
> +struct modalias_bus_print_state {
> +	struct module_kobject *mk;
> +	char *buf;
> +	size_t count;
> +	ssize_t len;
> +};
> +
> +static int print_modalias_for_drv(struct device_driver *drv, void *p)
> +{
> +	struct modalias_bus_print_state *s = p;
> +	struct module_kobject *mk = s->mk;
> +	ssize_t len;
> +	/* Skip drivers that do not match this module. */
> +	if (mk->mod) {
> +		if (mk->mod != drv->owner)
> +			return 0;
> +	} else if (!mk->kobj.name || !drv->mod_name ||
> +		   strcmp(mk->kobj.name, drv->mod_name))
> +		return 0;
> +
> +	if (drv->bus && drv->bus->drv_to_modalias) {
> +		len = drv->bus->drv_to_modalias(drv, s->buf + s->len,
> +						s->count - s->len);
> +		if (len < 0)
> +			return len;
> +		s->len += len;
> +	}
> +
> +	s->len += scnprintf(&s->buf[s->len], s->count - s->len, "driver %s\n",
> +			    drv->name);
> +	return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int print_modalias_for_bus(struct bus_type *type, void *p)
> +{
> +	return bus_for_each_drv(type, NULL, p, print_modalias_for_drv);
> +}
> +
> +static ssize_t module_modalias_read(struct file *filp, struct kobject *kobj,
> +				    struct bin_attribute *bin_attr,
> +				    char *buf, loff_t pos, size_t count)
> +{
> +	struct module_kobject *mk = container_of(kobj, struct module_kobject,
> +						 kobj);
> +	struct modalias_bus_print_state state = {mk, buf, count, 0};
> +	int error = 0;
> +
> +	if (pos != 0)
> +		return -EINVAL;
> +
> +	error = bus_for_each(&state, print_modalias_for_bus);
> +	if (error)
> +		return error;
> +
> +	if (mk->mod)
> +		state.len += scnprintf(&buf[state.len], count - state.len,
> +				       "modalias %s %s\n", kobject_name(kobj),
> +				       mk->mod->name);
> +	else
> +		state.len += scnprintf(&buf[state.len], count - state.len,
> +				       "modalias %s NULL\n",
> +				       kobject_name(kobj));
> +
> +	/*
> +	 * The caller checked the pos and count against our size.
> +	 */
> +	return state.len;
> +}
> +
> +/* Used in kernel/params.c for builtin modules.
> + *
> + * `struct module_kobject` is used instead of `struct module` because for
> + * builtin modules, the `struct module` is not available when this is called.
> + */
> +void add_modalias_attr(struct module_kobject *mk)
> +{
> +	sysfs_bin_attr_init(&mk->modalias_attr);
> +	mk->modalias_attr.attr.name = "modalias";
> +	mk->modalias_attr.attr.mode = 0444;
> +	mk->modalias_attr.read = module_modalias_read;
> +	if (sysfs_create_bin_file(&mk->kobj, &mk->modalias_attr)) {
> +		/* We shouldn't ignore the return type, but there is nothing to
> +		 * do.
> +		 */
> +		return;
> +	}
> +}
> +
> +static void remove_modalias_attr(struct module_kobject *mk)
> +{
> +	sysfs_remove_bin_file(&mk->kobj, &mk->modalias_attr);
> +}
> +
>   static void del_usage_links(struct module *mod)
>   {
>   #ifdef CONFIG_MODULE_UNLOAD
> @@ -398,6 +496,7 @@ int mod_sysfs_setup(struct module *mod,
>   
>   	add_sect_attrs(mod, info);
>   	add_notes_attrs(mod, info);
> +	add_modalias_attr(&mod->mkobj);
>   
>   	return 0;
>   
> @@ -415,6 +514,7 @@ int mod_sysfs_setup(struct module *mod,
>   
>   static void mod_sysfs_fini(struct module *mod)
>   {
> +	remove_modalias_attr(&mod->mkobj);
>   	remove_notes_attrs(mod);
>   	remove_sect_attrs(mod);
>   	mod_kobject_put(mod);
> diff --git a/kernel/params.c b/kernel/params.c
> index 5b92310425c50..111024196361a 100644
> --- a/kernel/params.c
> +++ b/kernel/params.c
> @@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
>   #include <linux/slab.h>
>   #include <linux/ctype.h>
>   #include <linux/security.h>
> +#include "module/internal.h"
>   
>   #ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS
>   /* Protects all built-in parameters, modules use their own param_lock */
> @@ -815,6 +816,7 @@ static void __init kernel_add_sysfs_param(const char *name,
>   	BUG_ON(err);
>   	kobject_uevent(&mk->kobj, KOBJ_ADD);
>   	kobject_put(&mk->kobj);
> +	add_modalias_attr(mk);
>   }
>   
>   /*




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