I powercyced my box, I'm assuming I did a sudo poweroff or halt or something, but maybe not. It got stuck, (enter rescue mode, root account disabled, hit enter to enter rescue mode... ) so I killed power. I edited fstab, changed auto to noauto, booted. overlay /srv/nfs/rpi/bullseye/boot/merged overlay noauto,defaults,ro,lowerdir=/srv/nfs/rpi/bullseye/boot/updates:/srv/nfs/rpi/bullseye/boot/setup:/srv/nfs/rpi/bullseye/boot/base,upperdir=/srv/nfs/rpi/bullseye/boot/play,workdir=/srv/nfs/rpi/bullseye/boot/work,nfs_export=on 0 0 # mount /srv/nfs/rpi/bullseye/boot/merged mount: /srv/nfs/rpi/bullseye/boot/merged: mount(2) system call failed: Stale file handle. dmesg shows: [ 45.941350] overlayfs: failed to verify upper (boot/play, ino=379405, err=-116) [ 45.941369] overlayfs: failed to verify index dir 'upper' xattr [ 45.941379] overlayfs: try deleting index dir or mounting with '-o index=off' to disable inodes index. It is a bit concerning that I need to consider a power cycle may require local console use. I plan on managing this remotely. For now I'll leave it noauto and remotely mount when needed. so this isn't a critical blocker to me. What would happen: errors=remount-ro errors={continue|remount-ro|panic} Define the behavior when an error is encountered. The default is set in the filesystem superblock, ... and can be changed using tune2fs(8). In normal operation I want the mount ro anyway. continue unmounted is also an option. which would be better than noauto if I am assured it won't get stuck at boot. -- Carl K