On Tue, Dec 01, 2020 at 08:01:11AM -0500, Jeff Layton wrote: > On Tue, 2020-12-01 at 11:09 +0000, Sargun Dhillon wrote: > > On Sat, Nov 28, 2020 at 08:52:27AM +0000, Sargun Dhillon wrote: > > > On Sat, Nov 28, 2020 at 09:12:03AM +0200, Amir Goldstein wrote: > > > > On Sat, Nov 28, 2020 at 6:45 AM Sargun Dhillon <sargun@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > On Fri, Nov 27, 2020 at 09:01:07PM -0500, Jeff Layton wrote: > > > > > > On Fri, 2020-11-27 at 22:11 +0000, Sargun Dhillon wrote: > > > > > > > On Fri, Nov 27, 2020 at 02:52:52PM +0200, Amir Goldstein wrote: > > > > > > > > On Fri, Nov 27, 2020 at 11:21 AM Sargun Dhillon <sargun@xxxxxxxxx> wrote: > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > This documents behaviour that was discussed in a thread about the volatile > > > > > > > > > feature. Specifically, how failures can go hidden from asynchronous writes > > > > > > > > > (such as from mmap, or writes that are not immediately flushed to the > > > > > > > > > filesystem). Although we pass through calls like msync, fallocate, and > > > > > > > > > write, and will still return errors on those, it doesn't guarantee all > > > > > > > > > kinds of errors will happen at those times, and thus may hide errors. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > In the future, we can add error checking to all interactions with the > > > > > > > > > upperdir, and pass through errseq_t from the upperdir on mappings, > > > > > > > > > and other interactions with the filesystem[1]. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > [1]: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-unionfs/20201116045758.21774-1-sargun@xxxxxxxxx/T/#m7d501f375e031056efad626e471a1392dd3aad33 > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Signed-off-by: Sargun Dhillon <sargun@xxxxxxxxx> > > > > > > > > > Cc: linux-fsdevel@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx > > > > > > > > > Cc: linux-unionfs@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx > > > > > > > > > Cc: Miklos Szeredi <miklos@xxxxxxxxxx> > > > > > > > > > Cc: Amir Goldstein <amir73il@xxxxxxxxx> > > > > > > > > > Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@xxxxxxxxxx> > > > > > > > > > --- > > > > > > > > > Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.rst | 6 +++++- > > > > > > > > > 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.rst > > > > > > > > > index 580ab9a0fe31..c6e30c1bc2f2 100644 > > > > > > > > > --- a/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.rst > > > > > > > > > +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/overlayfs.rst > > > > > > > > > @@ -570,7 +570,11 @@ Volatile mount > > > > > > > > > This is enabled with the "volatile" mount option. Volatile mounts are not > > > > > > > > > guaranteed to survive a crash. It is strongly recommended that volatile > > > > > > > > > mounts are only used if data written to the overlay can be recreated > > > > > > > > > -without significant effort. > > > > > > > > > +without significant effort. In addition to this, the sync family of syscalls > > > > > > > > > +are not sufficient to determine whether a write failed as sync calls are > > > > > > > > > +omitted. For this reason, it is important that the filesystem used by the > > > > > > > > > +upperdir handles failure in a fashion that's suitable for the user. For > > > > > > > > > +example, upon detecting a fault, ext4 can be configured to panic. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Reading this now, I think I may have wrongly analysed the issue. > > > > > > > > Specifically, when I wrote that the very minimum is to document the > > > > > > > > issue, it was under the assumption that a proper fix is hard. > > > > > > > > I think I was wrong and that the very minimum is to check for errseq > > > > > > > > since mount on the fsync and syncfs calls. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Why? first of all because it is very very simple and goes a long way to > > > > > > > > fix the broken contract with applications, not the contract about durability > > > > > > > > obviously, but the contract about write+fsync+read expects to find the written > > > > > > > > data (during the same mount era). > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Second, because the sentence you added above is hard for users to understand > > > > > > > > and out of context. If we properly handle the writeback error in fsync/syncfs, > > > > > > > > then this sentence becomes irrelevant. > > > > > > > > The fact that ext4 can lose data if application did not fsync after > > > > > > > > write is true > > > > > > > > for volatile as well as non-volatile and it is therefore not relevant > > > > > > > > in the context > > > > > > > > of overlayfs documentation at all. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Am I wrong saying that it is very very simple to fix? > > > > > > > > Would you mind making that fix at the bottom of the patch series, so it can > > > > > > > > be easily applied to stable kernels? > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Thanks, > > > > > > > > Amir. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > I'm not sure it's so easy. In VFS, there are places where the superblock's > > > > > > > errseq is checked[1]. AFAIK, that's going to check "our" errseq, and not the > > > > > > > errseq of the real corresponding real file's superblock. One solution might be > > > > > > > as part of all these callbacks we set our errseq to the errseq of the filesystem > > > > > > > that the upperdir, and then rely on VFS's checking. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > I'm having a hard time figuring out how to deal with the per-mapping based > > > > > > > error tracking. It seems like this infrastructure was only partially completed > > > > > > > by Jeff Layton[2]. I don't now how it's actually supposed to work right now, > > > > > > > as not all of his patches landed. > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > The patches in the series were all merged, but we ended up going with a > > > > > > simpler solution [1] than the first series I posted. Instead of plumbing > > > > > > the errseq_t handling down into sync_fs, we did it in the syscall > > > > > > wrapper. > > > > > Jeff, > > > > > > > > > > Thanks for replying. I'm still a little confused as to what the > > > > > per-address_space wb_err. It seems like we should implement the > > > > > flush method, like so: > > > > > diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/file.c b/fs/overlayfs/file.c > > > > > index efccb7c1f9bc..32e5bc0aacd6 100644 > > > > > --- a/fs/overlayfs/file.c > > > > > +++ b/fs/overlayfs/file.c > > > > > @@ -787,6 +787,16 @@ static loff_t ovl_remap_file_range(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in, > > > > > remap_flags, op); > > > > > } > > > > > > > > > > +static int ovl_flush(struct file *file, fl_owner_t id) > > > > > +{ > > > > > + struct file *realfile = file->private_data; > > > > > + > > > > > + if (real_file->f_op->flush) > > > > > + return real_file->f_op->flush(filp, id); > > > > > + > > > > > + return 0; > > > > > +} > > > > > + > > > > > const struct file_operations ovl_file_operations = { > > > > > .open = ovl_open, > > > > > .release = ovl_release, > > > > > @@ -798,6 +808,7 @@ const struct file_operations ovl_file_operations = { > > > > > .fallocate = ovl_fallocate, > > > > > .fadvise = ovl_fadvise, > > > > > .unlocked_ioctl = ovl_ioctl, > > > > > + .flush = ovl_flush, > > > > > #ifdef CONFIG_COMPAT > > > > > .compat_ioctl = ovl_compat_ioctl, > > > > > #endif > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > I think the tricky part here is that there is no struct file plumbed > > > > > > into ->sync_fs, so you don't have an errseq_t cursor to work with by the > > > > > > time that gets called. > > > > > > > > > > > > What may be easiest is to just propagate the s_wb_err value from the > > > > > > upper_sb to the overlayfs superblock in ovl_sync_fs(). That should get > > > > > > called before the errseq_check_and_advance in the syncfs syscall wrapper > > > > > > and should ensure that syncfs() calls against the overlayfs sb see any > > > > > > errors that occurred on the upper_sb. > > > > > > > > > > > > Something like this maybe? Totally untested of course. May also need to > > > > > > think about how to ensure ordering between racing syncfs calls too > > > > > > (don't really want the s_wb_err going "backward"): > > > > > > > > > > > > ----------------------------8<--------------------------------- > > > > > > $ git diff > > > > > > diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/super.c b/fs/overlayfs/super.c > > > > > > index 290983bcfbb3..d725705abdac 100644 > > > > > > --- a/fs/overlayfs/super.c > > > > > > +++ b/fs/overlayfs/super.c > > > > > > @@ -283,6 +283,9 @@ static int ovl_sync_fs(struct super_block *sb, int wait) > > > > > > ret = sync_filesystem(upper_sb); > > > > > > up_read(&upper_sb->s_umount); > > > > > > > > > > > > + /* Propagate s_wb_err from upper_sb to overlayfs sb */ > > > > > > + WRITE_ONCE(sb->s_wb_err, READ_ONCE(upper_sb->s_wb_err)); > > > > > > + > > > > > > return ret; > > > > > > } > > > > > > ----------------------------8<--------------------------------- > > > > > > > > > > > > [1]: https://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-api/msg41276.html > > > > > > > > > > So, > > > > > I think this will have bad behaviour because syncfs() twice in a row will > > > > > return the error twice. The reason is that normally in syncfs it calls > > > > > errseq_check_and_advance marking the error on the super block as seen. If we > > > > > copy-up the error value each time, it will break this semantic, as we do not set > > > > > seen on the upperdir. > > > > > > > > > > Either we need to set the seen flag on the upperdir's errseq_t, or have a sync > > > > > method, like: > > > > > diff --git a/fs/overlayfs/super.c b/fs/overlayfs/super.c > > > > > index 290983bcfbb3..4931d1797c03 100644 > > > > > --- a/fs/overlayfs/super.c > > > > > +++ b/fs/overlayfs/super.c > > > > > @@ -259,6 +259,7 @@ static int ovl_sync_fs(struct super_block *sb, int wait) > > > > > { > > > > > struct ovl_fs *ofs = sb->s_fs_info; > > > > > struct super_block *upper_sb; > > > > > + errseq_t src; > > > > > int ret; > > > > > > > > > > if (!ovl_upper_mnt(ofs)) > > > > > @@ -283,6 +284,11 @@ static int ovl_sync_fs(struct super_block *sb, int wait) > > > > > ret = sync_filesystem(upper_sb); > > > > > up_read(&upper_sb->s_umount); > > > > > > > > > > + /* Propagate the error up from the upper_sb once */ > > > > > + src = READ_ONCE(upper_sb->s_wb_err); > > > > > + if (errseq_counter(src) != errseq_counter(sb->s_wb_err)) > > > > > + WRITE_ONCE(sb->s_wb_err, src & ~ERRSEQ_SEEN); > > > > > + > > > > > return ret; > > > > > } > > > > > > > > > > @@ -1945,6 +1951,7 @@ static int ovl_fill_super(struct super_block *sb, void *data, int silent) > > > > > > > > > > sb->s_stack_depth = ovl_upper_mnt(ofs)->mnt_sb->s_stack_depth; > > > > > sb->s_time_gran = ovl_upper_mnt(ofs)->mnt_sb->s_time_gran; > > > > > + sb->s_wb_err = READ_ONCE(ovl_upper_mnt(ofs)->mnt_sb->s_wb_err); > > > > > > > > > > diff --git a/lib/errseq.c b/lib/errseq.c > > > > > index 81f9e33aa7e7..53275c168265 100644 > > > > > --- a/lib/errseq.c > > > > > +++ b/lib/errseq.c > > > > > @@ -204,3 +204,18 @@ int errseq_check_and_advance(errseq_t *eseq, errseq_t *since) > > > > > return err; > > > > > } > > > > > EXPORT_SYMBOL(errseq_check_and_advance); > > > > > + > > > > > +/** > > > > > + * errseq_counter() - Get the value of the errseq counter > > > > > + * @eseq: Value being checked > > > > > + * > > > > > + * This returns the errseq_t counter value. Reminder, it can wrap because > > > > > + * there are only a limited number of counter bits. > > > > > + * > > > > > + * Return: The counter portion of the errseq_t. > > > > > + */ > > > > > +int errseq_counter(errseq_t eseq) > > > > > +{ > > > > > + return eseq >> (ERRSEQ_SHIFT + 1); > > > > > +} > > > > > > > > > > This also needs some locking sprinkled on it because racing can occur with > > > > > sync_fs. This would be much easier if the errseq_t was 64-bits, and didn't go > > > > > backwards, because you could just use a simple cmpxchg64. I know that would make > > > > > a bunch of structures larger, and if it's just overlayfs that has to pay the tax > > > > > we can just sprinkle a mutex on it. > > > > > > > > > > We can always "copy-up" the errseq_t because if the upperdir's errseq_t is read, > > > > > and we haven't done a copy yet, we'll get it. Since this will be strictly > > > > > serialized a simple equivalence check will work versus actually having to deal > > > > > with happens before behaviour. There is still a correctness flaw here though, > > > > > which is exactly enough errors occur to result in it wrapping back to the same > > > > > value, it will break. > > > > > > > > > > By the way, how do y'all test this error handling behaviour? I didn't > > > > > find any automated testing for what currently exists. > > > > > > > > > > > > How about I split this into two patchsets? One, where I add the logic to copy > > > > > > the errseq on callbacks to fsync from the upperdir to the ovl fs superblock, > > > > > > and thus allowing VFS to bubble up errors, and the documentation. We can CC > > > > > > stable on those because I think it has an effect that's universal across > > > > > > all filesystems. > > > > > > > > > > > > P.S. > > > > > > I notice you maintain overlay tests outside of the kernel. Unfortunately, I > > > > > > think for this kind of test, it requires in kernel code to artificially bump the > > > > > > writeback error count on the upperdir, or it requires the failure injection > > > > > > infrastructure. > > > > > > > > > > > > Simulating this behaviour is non-trivial without in-kernel support: > > > > > > > > > > > > P1: Open(f) -> p1.fd > > > > > > P2: Open(f) -> p2.fd > > > > > > P1: syncfs(p1.fd) -> errrno > > > > > > P2: syncfs(p1.fd) -> 0 # This should return an error > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > [1]: https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source/fs/sync.c#L175 > > > > > > [2]: https://lwn.net/Articles/722250/ > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > Sargun (and Jeff), > > > > > > > > Thank you for this discussion. It would be very nice to work on testing > > > > and fixing errseq propagation is correct on overlayfs. > > > > Alas, this is not what I suggested. > > > > > > > > What I suggested was a solution only for the volatile overlay issue > > > > where data can vaporise without applications noticing: > > > > "...the very minimum is to check for errseq since mount on the fsync > > > > and syncfs calls." > > > > > > > Yeah, I was confusing the checking that VFS does on our behalf and the checking > > > that we can do ourselves in the sync callback. If we return an error prior to > > > the vfs checking it short-circuits that entirely. > > > > > > > Do you get it? there is no pre-file state in the game, not for fsync and not > > > > for syncfs. > > > > > > > > Any single error, no matter how temporary it is and what damage it may > > > > or may not have caused to upper layer consistency, permanently > > > > invalidates the reliability of the volatile overlay, resulting in: > > > > Effective immediately: every fsync/syncfs returns EIO. > > > > Going forward: maybe implement overlay shutdown, so every access > > > > returns EIO. > > > > > > > > So now that I hopefully explained myself better, I'll ask again: > > > > Am I wrong saying that it is very very simple to fix? > > > > Would you mind making that fix at the bottom of the patch series, so it can > > > > be easily applied to stable kernels? > > > > > > > > Thanks, > > > > Amir. > > > > > > I think that this should be easy enough if the semantic is such that volatile > > > overlayfs mounts will return EIO on syncfs on every syncfs call if the upperdir's > > > super block has experienced errors since the initial mount. I imagine we do not > > > want to make it such that if the upperdir has ever experienced errors, return > > > EIO on syncfs. > > > > > > The one caveat that I see is that if the errseq wraps, we can silently begin > > > swallowing errors again. Thus, on the first failed syncfs we should just > > > store a flag indicating that the volatile fs is bad, and to continue to return > > > EIO rather than go through the process of checking errseq_t, but that's easy > > > enough to write. > > > > It turns out this is much more complicated than I initially thought. I'm not > > entirely sure why VFS even defines sync_fs (on the superblock) as returning an > > int. The way that sync_fs works is: > > > > sys_syncfs -> > > sync_filesystem(sb) -> > > __sync_filesystem(sb, N) -> > > sb->s_op->sync_fs > > /* __sync_blockdev has its own writeback error checking */ > > __sync_blockdev > > errseq_check_and_advance(sb...) > > > > __sync_filesystem calls the sync_fs callback on the superblock's superblock > > operations: > > > > static int __sync_filesystem(struct super_block *sb, int wait) > > { > > if (wait) > > sync_inodes_sb(sb); > > else > > writeback_inodes_sb(sb, WB_REASON_SYNC); > > > > if (sb->s_op->sync_fs) > > sb->s_op->sync_fs(sb, wait); > > return __sync_blockdev(sb->s_bdev, wait); > > } > > > > But it completely discards the result. On the other hand, fsync, and fdatasync > > exhibit different behaviour: > > > > sys_fdatasync -> > > do_fsync > > (see below) > > > > sys_fsync -> > > do_fsync -> > > vfs_fsync -> > > vfs_fsync_range -> > > return file->f_op->fsync > > ---- > > > > This is mainly a result of the evolution of the code. In the beginning > there was only sync() and it doesn't report errors. Eventually syncfs() > was added, but the only error it reliably reported was EBADF. > > I added the machinery to record writeback errors of individual inodes at > the superblock level recently, but the sync_fs op was left alone (mainly > because changing this would be very invasive, and the value of doing so > wasn't completely clear). Is following patch enough to capture ->sync_fs return value and return to user space on syncfs. Or there is more to it which I am missing. --- fs/sync.c | 7 +++++-- 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) Index: redhat-linux/fs/sync.c =================================================================== --- redhat-linux.orig/fs/sync.c 2020-08-10 15:40:22.535349278 -0400 +++ redhat-linux/fs/sync.c 2020-12-01 10:19:03.624330578 -0500 @@ -30,14 +30,17 @@ */ static int __sync_filesystem(struct super_block *sb, int wait) { + int ret, ret2; + if (wait) sync_inodes_sb(sb); else writeback_inodes_sb(sb, WB_REASON_SYNC); if (sb->s_op->sync_fs) - sb->s_op->sync_fs(sb, wait); - return __sync_blockdev(sb->s_bdev, wait); + ret = sb->s_op->sync_fs(sb, wait); + ret2 = __sync_blockdev(sb->s_bdev, wait); + return ret ? ret : ret2; } /*
