Hi Stefan, On Sun, Sep 24, 2023 at 01:53:25AM +0200, Stefan Wahren wrote: > Besides the IOCTL interface the VCHIQ character device also provides > a state dump of the whole VCHIQ driver via read. Moving the state dump > function to debugfs has a lot advantages: > > - following changes on state dump doesn't break userspace ABI > - debug doesn't depend on VCHIQ_CDEV > - dump code simplifies a lot and reduce the chance of buffer overflows > > Signed-off-by: Stefan Wahren <wahrenst@xxxxxxx> > --- > > Hello, > > since recent discussion raised the question about the future of debugfs > for vchiq [1], i want to submit this cleanup patch as part of the > discussion. The patch itself based on the latest series [2] of > Umang Jain to convert VCHIQ into a bus. I'm aware of the checkpatch > warnings which will be fixed in the next version, but not revelant > to the discussion. I personally like debugfs for this. Assuming we can switch without userspace screaming at us (and I suppose that being in staging helps), this patch looks good to me. > [1] - https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/7ea529c2-3da6-47df-9b09-28d4ab36c4ef@kadam.mountain/T/ > [2] - https://lore.kernel.org/linux-arm-kernel/dc6d4108-7bb0-ba81-2f6b-0409b848ab0d@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/T/#t > > .../interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_arm.c | 94 ++----- > .../interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_arm.h | 7 - > .../interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_core.c | 236 ++++++------------ > .../interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_core.h | 17 +- > .../interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_debugfs.c | 10 + > .../interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_dev.c | 21 -- > 6 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 269 deletions(-) I certainly like this too :-) > > diff --git a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_arm.c b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_arm.c > index 5eccf5b277e5..150b85ce29da 100644 > --- a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_arm.c > +++ b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_arm.c > @@ -662,13 +662,9 @@ vchiq_complete_bulk(struct vchiq_instance *instance, struct vchiq_bulk *bulk) > bulk->actual); > } > > -int vchiq_dump_platform_state(void *dump_context) > +void vchiq_dump_platform_state(struct seq_file *f) > { > - char buf[80]; > - int len; > - > - len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " Platform: 2835 (VC master)"); > - return vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > + seq_puts(f, " Platform: 2835 (VC master)\n"); > } > > #define VCHIQ_INIT_RETRIES 10 > @@ -1177,56 +1173,13 @@ service_callback(struct vchiq_instance *instance, enum vchiq_reason reason, > bulk_userdata); > } > > -int vchiq_dump(void *dump_context, const char *str, int len) > -{ > - struct dump_context *context = (struct dump_context *)dump_context; > - int copy_bytes; > - > - if (context->actual >= context->space) > - return 0; > - > - if (context->offset > 0) { > - int skip_bytes = min_t(int, len, context->offset); > - > - str += skip_bytes; > - len -= skip_bytes; > - context->offset -= skip_bytes; > - if (context->offset > 0) > - return 0; > - } > - copy_bytes = min_t(int, len, context->space - context->actual); > - if (copy_bytes == 0) > - return 0; > - if (copy_to_user(context->buf + context->actual, str, > - copy_bytes)) > - return -EFAULT; > - context->actual += copy_bytes; > - len -= copy_bytes; > - > - /* > - * If the terminating NUL is included in the length, then it > - * marks the end of a line and should be replaced with a > - * carriage return. > - */ > - if ((len == 0) && (str[copy_bytes - 1] == '\0')) { > - char cr = '\n'; > - > - if (copy_to_user(context->buf + context->actual - 1, > - &cr, 1)) > - return -EFAULT; > - } > - return 0; > -} > - > -int vchiq_dump_platform_instances(void *dump_context) > +void vchiq_dump_platform_instances(struct seq_file *f) > { > struct vchiq_state *state = vchiq_get_state(); > - char buf[80]; > - int len; > int i; > > if (!state) > - return -ENOTCONN; > + return; > > /* > * There is no list of instances, so instead scan all services, > @@ -1251,7 +1204,6 @@ int vchiq_dump_platform_instances(void *dump_context) > for (i = 0; i < state->unused_service; i++) { > struct vchiq_service *service; > struct vchiq_instance *instance; > - int err; > > rcu_read_lock(); > service = rcu_dereference(state->services[i]); > @@ -1267,43 +1219,35 @@ int vchiq_dump_platform_instances(void *dump_context) > } > rcu_read_unlock(); > > - len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), > - "Instance %pK: pid %d,%s completions %d/%d", > - instance, instance->pid, > - instance->connected ? " connected, " : > - "", > - instance->completion_insert - > - instance->completion_remove, > - MAX_COMPLETIONS); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > + seq_printf(f, "Instance %pK: pid %d,%s completions %d/%d\n", > + instance, instance->pid, > + instance->connected ? " connected, " : > + "", > + instance->completion_insert - > + instance->completion_remove, > + MAX_COMPLETIONS); > instance->mark = 1; > } > - return 0; > } > > -int vchiq_dump_platform_service_state(void *dump_context, > - struct vchiq_service *service) > +void vchiq_dump_platform_service_state(struct seq_file *f, > + struct vchiq_service *service) > { > struct user_service *user_service = > (struct user_service *)service->base.userdata; > - char buf[80]; > - int len; > > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " instance %pK", service->instance); > + seq_printf(f, " instance %pK", service->instance); > > if ((service->base.callback == service_callback) && user_service->is_vchi) { > - len += scnprintf(buf + len, sizeof(buf) - len, ", %d/%d messages", > - user_service->msg_insert - user_service->msg_remove, > - MSG_QUEUE_SIZE); > + seq_printf(f, ", %d/%d messages", > + user_service->msg_insert - user_service->msg_remove, > + MSG_QUEUE_SIZE); > > if (user_service->dequeue_pending) > - len += scnprintf(buf + len, sizeof(buf) - len, > - " (dequeue pending)"); > + seq_puts(f, " (dequeue pending)"); > } > > - return vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > + seq_puts(f, "\n"); > } > > struct vchiq_state * > diff --git a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_arm.h b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_arm.h > index 2fb31f9b527f..372f4d06ffbb 100644 > --- a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_arm.h > +++ b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_arm.h > @@ -69,13 +69,6 @@ struct vchiq_instance { > struct vchiq_debugfs_node debugfs_node; > }; > > -struct dump_context { > - char __user *buf; > - size_t actual; > - size_t space; > - loff_t offset; > -}; > - > extern int vchiq_arm_log_level; > extern int vchiq_susp_log_level; > > diff --git a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_core.c b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_core.c > index 596894338cb4..fa234d460401 100644 > --- a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_core.c > +++ b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_core.c > @@ -3394,8 +3394,8 @@ vchiq_set_service_option(struct vchiq_instance *instance, unsigned int handle, > return ret; > } > > -static int > -vchiq_dump_shared_state(void *dump_context, struct vchiq_state *state, > +static void > +vchiq_dump_shared_state(struct seq_file *f, struct vchiq_state *state, > struct vchiq_shared_state *shared, const char *label) > { > static const char *const debug_names[] = { > @@ -3412,139 +3412,83 @@ vchiq_dump_shared_state(void *dump_context, struct vchiq_state *state, > "COMPLETION_QUEUE_FULL_COUNT" > }; > int i; > - char buf[80]; > - int len; > - int err; > - > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " %s: slots %d-%d tx_pos=%x recycle=%x", > - label, shared->slot_first, shared->slot_last, > - shared->tx_pos, shared->slot_queue_recycle); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > - > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " Slots claimed:"); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > + > + seq_printf(f, " %s: slots %d-%d tx_pos=%x recycle=%x\n", > + label, shared->slot_first, shared->slot_last, > + shared->tx_pos, shared->slot_queue_recycle); > + > + seq_puts(f, " Slots claimed:\n"); > > for (i = shared->slot_first; i <= shared->slot_last; i++) { > struct vchiq_slot_info slot_info = > *SLOT_INFO_FROM_INDEX(state, i); > if (slot_info.use_count != slot_info.release_count) { > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " %d: %d/%d", i, slot_info.use_count, > - slot_info.release_count); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > + seq_printf(f, " %d: %d/%d\n", i, slot_info.use_count, > + slot_info.release_count); > } > } > > for (i = 1; i < shared->debug[DEBUG_ENTRIES]; i++) { > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " DEBUG: %s = %d(%x)", > - debug_names[i], shared->debug[i], shared->debug[i]); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > + seq_printf(f, " DEBUG: %s = %d(%x)\n", > + debug_names[i], shared->debug[i], shared->debug[i]); > } > - return 0; > } > > -int vchiq_dump_state(void *dump_context, struct vchiq_state *state) > +void vchiq_dump_state(struct seq_file *f, struct vchiq_state *state) > { > - char buf[80]; > - int len; > int i; > - int err; > - > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "State %d: %s", state->id, > - conn_state_names[state->conn_state]); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > - > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " tx_pos=%x(@%pK), rx_pos=%x(@%pK)", > - state->local->tx_pos, > - state->tx_data + (state->local_tx_pos & VCHIQ_SLOT_MASK), > - state->rx_pos, > - state->rx_data + (state->rx_pos & VCHIQ_SLOT_MASK)); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > - > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), " Version: %d (min %d)", > - VCHIQ_VERSION, VCHIQ_VERSION_MIN); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > + > + seq_printf(f, "State %d: %s\n", state->id, > + conn_state_names[state->conn_state]); > + > + seq_printf(f, " tx_pos=%x(@%pK), rx_pos=%x(@%pK)\n", > + state->local->tx_pos, > + state->tx_data + (state->local_tx_pos & VCHIQ_SLOT_MASK), > + state->rx_pos, > + state->rx_data + (state->rx_pos & VCHIQ_SLOT_MASK)); > + > + seq_printf(f, " Version: %d (min %d)\n", VCHIQ_VERSION, > + VCHIQ_VERSION_MIN); > > if (VCHIQ_ENABLE_STATS) { > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), > - " Stats: ctrl_tx_count=%d, ctrl_rx_count=%d, error_count=%d", > - state->stats.ctrl_tx_count, state->stats.ctrl_rx_count, > - state->stats.error_count); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > - } > - > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), > - " Slots: %d available (%d data), %d recyclable, %d stalls (%d data)", > - ((state->slot_queue_available * VCHIQ_SLOT_SIZE) - > - state->local_tx_pos) / VCHIQ_SLOT_SIZE, > - state->data_quota - state->data_use_count, > - state->local->slot_queue_recycle - state->slot_queue_available, > - state->stats.slot_stalls, state->stats.data_stalls); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > - > - err = vchiq_dump_platform_state(dump_context); > - if (err) > - return err; > - > - err = vchiq_dump_shared_state(dump_context, > - state, > - state->local, > - "Local"); > - if (err) > - return err; > - err = vchiq_dump_shared_state(dump_context, > - state, > - state->remote, > - "Remote"); > - if (err) > - return err; > - > - err = vchiq_dump_platform_instances(dump_context); > - if (err) > - return err; > + seq_printf(f, " Stats: ctrl_tx_count=%d, ctrl_rx_count=%d, error_count=%d\n", > + state->stats.ctrl_tx_count, state->stats.ctrl_rx_count, > + state->stats.error_count); > + } > + > + seq_printf(f, " Slots: %d available (%d data), %d recyclable, %d stalls (%d data)\n", > + ((state->slot_queue_available * VCHIQ_SLOT_SIZE) - > + state->local_tx_pos) / VCHIQ_SLOT_SIZE, > + state->data_quota - state->data_use_count, > + state->local->slot_queue_recycle - state->slot_queue_available, > + state->stats.slot_stalls, state->stats.data_stalls); > + > + vchiq_dump_platform_state(f); > + > + vchiq_dump_shared_state(f, state, state->local, "Local"); > + > + vchiq_dump_shared_state(f, state, state->remote, "Remote"); > + > + vchiq_dump_platform_instances(f); > > for (i = 0; i < state->unused_service; i++) { > struct vchiq_service *service = find_service_by_port(state, i); > > if (service) { > - err = vchiq_dump_service_state(dump_context, service); > + vchiq_dump_service_state(f, service); > vchiq_service_put(service); > - if (err) > - return err; > } > } > - return 0; > } > > -int vchiq_dump_service_state(void *dump_context, struct vchiq_service *service) > +void vchiq_dump_service_state(struct seq_file *f, struct vchiq_service *service) > { > - char buf[80]; > - int len; > - int err; > unsigned int ref_count; > > /*Don't include the lock just taken*/ > ref_count = kref_read(&service->ref_count) - 1; > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Service %u: %s (ref %u)", > - service->localport, srvstate_names[service->srvstate], > - ref_count); > + seq_printf(f, "Service %u: %s (ref %u)", service->localport, > + srvstate_names[service->srvstate], ref_count); > > if (service->srvstate != VCHIQ_SRVSTATE_FREE) { > char remoteport[30]; > @@ -3564,15 +3508,10 @@ int vchiq_dump_service_state(void *dump_context, struct vchiq_service *service) > strscpy(remoteport, "n/a", sizeof(remoteport)); > } > > - len += scnprintf(buf + len, sizeof(buf) - len, > - " '%c%c%c%c' remote %s (msg use %d/%d, slot use %d/%d)", > - VCHIQ_FOURCC_AS_4CHARS(fourcc), remoteport, > - quota->message_use_count, quota->message_quota, > - quota->slot_use_count, quota->slot_quota); > - > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > + seq_printf(f, " '%c%c%c%c' remote %s (msg use %d/%d, slot use %d/%d)\n", > + VCHIQ_FOURCC_AS_4CHARS(fourcc), remoteport, > + quota->message_use_count, quota->message_quota, > + quota->slot_use_count, quota->slot_quota); > > tx_pending = service->bulk_tx.local_insert - > service->bulk_tx.remote_insert; > @@ -3580,52 +3519,35 @@ int vchiq_dump_service_state(void *dump_context, struct vchiq_service *service) > rx_pending = service->bulk_rx.local_insert - > service->bulk_rx.remote_insert; > > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), > - " Bulk: tx_pending=%d (size %d), rx_pending=%d (size %d)", > - tx_pending, > - tx_pending ? > - service->bulk_tx.bulks[BULK_INDEX(service->bulk_tx.remove)].size : > - 0, rx_pending, rx_pending ? > - service->bulk_rx.bulks[BULK_INDEX(service->bulk_rx.remove)].size : > - 0); > + seq_printf(f, " Bulk: tx_pending=%d (size %d), rx_pending=%d (size %d)\n", > + tx_pending, > + tx_pending ? service->bulk_tx.bulks[BULK_INDEX(service->bulk_tx.remove)].size : 0, > + rx_pending, > + rx_pending ? service->bulk_rx.bulks[BULK_INDEX(service->bulk_rx.remove)].size : 0); > > if (VCHIQ_ENABLE_STATS) { > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > - > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), > - " Ctrl: tx_count=%d, tx_bytes=%llu, rx_count=%d, rx_bytes=%llu", > - service->stats.ctrl_tx_count, service->stats.ctrl_tx_bytes, > - service->stats.ctrl_rx_count, service->stats.ctrl_rx_bytes); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > - > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), > - " Bulk: tx_count=%d, tx_bytes=%llu, rx_count=%d, rx_bytes=%llu", > - service->stats.bulk_tx_count, service->stats.bulk_tx_bytes, > - service->stats.bulk_rx_count, service->stats.bulk_rx_bytes); > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > - > - len = scnprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), > - " %d quota stalls, %d slot stalls, %d bulk stalls, %d aborted, %d errors", > - service->stats.quota_stalls, service->stats.slot_stalls, > - service->stats.bulk_stalls, > - service->stats.bulk_aborted_count, > - service->stats.error_count); > - } > - } > - > - err = vchiq_dump(dump_context, buf, len + 1); > - if (err) > - return err; > - > - if (service->srvstate != VCHIQ_SRVSTATE_FREE) > - err = vchiq_dump_platform_service_state(dump_context, service); > - return err; > + seq_printf(f, " Ctrl: tx_count=%d, tx_bytes=%llu, rx_count=%d, rx_bytes=%llu\n", > + service->stats.ctrl_tx_count, > + service->stats.ctrl_tx_bytes, > + service->stats.ctrl_rx_count, > + service->stats.ctrl_rx_bytes); > + > + seq_printf(f, " Bulk: tx_count=%d, tx_bytes=%llu, rx_count=%d, rx_bytes=%llu\n", > + service->stats.bulk_tx_count, > + service->stats.bulk_tx_bytes, > + service->stats.bulk_rx_count, > + service->stats.bulk_rx_bytes); > + > + seq_printf(f, " %d quota stalls, %d slot stalls, %d bulk stalls, %d aborted, %d errors\n", > + service->stats.quota_stalls, > + service->stats.slot_stalls, > + service->stats.bulk_stalls, > + service->stats.bulk_aborted_count, > + service->stats.error_count); > + } > + } > + > + vchiq_dump_platform_service_state(f, service); > } > > void > diff --git a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_core.h b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_core.h > index ec1a3caefaea..8568e37f89e0 100644 > --- a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_core.h > +++ b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_core.h > @@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ > > #include <linux/mutex.h> > #include <linux/completion.h> > +#include <linux/debugfs.h> > #include <linux/kthread.h> > #include <linux/kref.h> > #include <linux/rcupdate.h> > @@ -508,11 +509,11 @@ vchiq_bulk_transfer(struct vchiq_instance *instance, unsigned int handle, void * > void __user *uoffset, int size, void *userdata, enum vchiq_bulk_mode mode, > enum vchiq_bulk_dir dir); > > -extern int > -vchiq_dump_state(void *dump_context, struct vchiq_state *state); > +extern void > +vchiq_dump_state(struct seq_file *f, struct vchiq_state *state); > > -extern int > -vchiq_dump_service_state(void *dump_context, struct vchiq_service *service); > +extern void > +vchiq_dump_service_state(struct seq_file *f, struct vchiq_service *service); This function is defined and called from vchiq_core.c only, you can drop it from here and make it static. Reviewed-by: Laurent Pinchart <laurent.pinchart@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> > > extern void > vchiq_loud_error_header(void); > @@ -568,13 +569,11 @@ void vchiq_complete_bulk(struct vchiq_instance *instance, struct vchiq_bulk *bul > > void remote_event_signal(struct remote_event *event); > > -int vchiq_dump(void *dump_context, const char *str, int len); > - > -int vchiq_dump_platform_state(void *dump_context); > +void vchiq_dump_platform_state(struct seq_file *f); > > -int vchiq_dump_platform_instances(void *dump_context); > +void vchiq_dump_platform_instances(struct seq_file *f); > > -int vchiq_dump_platform_service_state(void *dump_context, struct vchiq_service *service); > +void vchiq_dump_platform_service_state(struct seq_file *f, struct vchiq_service *service); > > int vchiq_use_service_internal(struct vchiq_service *service); > > diff --git a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_debugfs.c b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_debugfs.c > index dc667afd1f8c..0333da728011 100644 > --- a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_debugfs.c > +++ b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_debugfs.c > @@ -36,6 +36,13 @@ static struct vchiq_debugfs_log_entry vchiq_debugfs_log_entries[] = { > { "arm", &vchiq_arm_log_level }, > }; > > +static int vchiq_dump_show(struct seq_file *f, void *offset) > +{ > + vchiq_dump_state(f, &g_state); > + return 0; > +} > +DEFINE_SHOW_ATTRIBUTE(vchiq_dump); > + > static int debugfs_log_show(struct seq_file *f, void *offset) > { > int *levp = f->private; > @@ -211,6 +218,9 @@ void vchiq_debugfs_init(void) > vchiq_dbg_dir = debugfs_create_dir("vchiq", NULL); > vchiq_dbg_clients = debugfs_create_dir("clients", vchiq_dbg_dir); > > + debugfs_create_file("state", S_IFREG | 0444, vchiq_dbg_dir, NULL, > + &vchiq_dump_fops); > + > /* create an entry under <debugfs>/vchiq/log for each log category */ > dir = debugfs_create_dir("log", vchiq_dbg_dir); > > diff --git a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_dev.c b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_dev.c > index 841e1a535642..ec043e8e60c7 100644 > --- a/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_dev.c > +++ b/drivers/staging/vc04_services/interface/vchiq_arm/vchiq_dev.c > @@ -1306,26 +1306,6 @@ static int vchiq_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file) > return ret; > } > > -static ssize_t > -vchiq_read(struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *ppos) > -{ > - struct dump_context context; > - int err; > - > - context.buf = buf; > - context.actual = 0; > - context.space = count; > - context.offset = *ppos; > - > - err = vchiq_dump_state(&context, &g_state); > - if (err) > - return err; > - > - *ppos += context.actual; > - > - return context.actual; > -} > - > static const struct file_operations > vchiq_fops = { > .owner = THIS_MODULE, > @@ -1335,7 +1315,6 @@ vchiq_fops = { > #endif > .open = vchiq_open, > .release = vchiq_release, > - .read = vchiq_read > }; > > static struct miscdevice vchiq_miscdev = { -- Regards, Laurent Pinchart
