You put yourself to a lot of extra work for nothing. Linux should be the default kernel; it's been modified with speakup; that's why you use the speakup disks. The instructins luke gave were all you had to do. But in your defense I will say that I do not see an explanation of this on the woody speakup page. Also, per that readme, realize the disks you are using are not current and not official--things have been left out or changed, though the readme itself doesn't say what has been left out or changed. but once you get your debian system up and running you can use apt-get and install and upgrade and get things where you like them. by the way, if might be a really good idea to read the debian install manual for your architecture on the debian site if you haven't done so; the debian install is not the same as the redhat install. Cheryl