From: Masahiro Yamada
> Sent: 03 June 2019 12:38
> Hi David,
>
> On Mon, Jun 3, 2019 at 8:14 PM David Laight <David.Laight@xxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> >
> > From: Masahiro Yamada
> > > Sent: 03 June 2019 11:49
> > >
> > > To print the pathname that will be used by shell in the current
> > > environment, 'command -v' is a standardized way. [1]
> > >
> > > 'which' is also often used in scripting, but it is not portable.
> > >
> > > When I worked on commit bd55f96fa9fc ("kbuild: refactor cc-cross-prefix
> > > implementation"), I was eager to use 'command -v' but it did not work.
> > > (The reason is explained below.)
> > >
> > > I kept 'which' as before but got rid of '> /dev/null 2>&1' as I
> > > thought it was no longer needed. Sorry, I was wrong.
> > >
> > > It works well on my Ubuntu machine, but Alexey Brodkin reports annoying
> > > warnings from the 'which' on CentOS 7 when the given command is not
> > > found in the PATH environment.
> > >
> > > $ which foo
> > > which: no foo in (/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin)
> > >
> > > Given that behavior of 'which' is different on environment, I want
> > > to try 'command -v' again.
> > >
> > > The specification [1] clearly describes the behavior of 'command -v'
> > > when the given command is not found:
> > >
> > > Otherwise, no output shall be written and the exit status shall reflect
> > > that the name was not found.
> > >
> > > However, we need a little magic to use 'command -v' from Make.
> > >
> > > $(shell ...) passes the argument to a subshell for execution, and
> > > returns the standard output of the command.
> > >
> > > Here is a trick. GNU Make may optimize this by executing the command
> > > directly instead of forking a subshell, if no shell special characters
> > > are found in the command line and omitting the subshell will not
> > > change the behavior.
> > >
> > > In this case, no shell special character is used. So, Make will try
> > > to run the command directly. However, 'command' is a shell-builtin
> > > command. In fact, Make has a table of shell-builtin commands because
> > > it must spawn a subshell to execute them.
> > >
> > > Until recently, 'command' was missing in the table.
> > >
> > > This issue was fixed by the following commit:
> > >
> > > | commit 1af314465e5dfe3e8baa839a32a72e83c04f26ef
> > > | Author: Paul Smith <psmith@xxxxxxx>
> > > | Date: Sun Nov 12 18:10:28 2017 -0500
> > > |
> > > | * job.c: Add "command" as a known shell built-in.
> > > |
> > > | This is not a POSIX shell built-in but it's common in UNIX shells.
> > > | Reported by Nick Bowler <nbowler@xxxxxxxxxx>.
> > >
> > > This is not included in any released versions of Make yet.
> > > (But, some distributions may have back-ported the fix-up.)
> > >
> > > To trick Make and let it fork the subshell, I added a shell special
> > > character '~'. We may be able to get rid of this workaround someday,
> > > but it is very far into the future.
> > >
> > > [1] http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/command.html
> > >
> > > Fixes: bd55f96fa9fc ("kbuild: refactor cc-cross-prefix implementation")
> > > Cc: linux-stable <stable@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> # 5.1
> > > Reported-by: Alexey Brodkin <abrodkin@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
> > > Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <yamada.masahiro@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> > > ---
> > >
> > > scripts/Kbuild.include | 5 ++++-
> > > 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > >
> > > diff --git a/scripts/Kbuild.include b/scripts/Kbuild.include
> > > index 85d758233483..5a32ca80c3f6 100644
> > > --- a/scripts/Kbuild.include
> > > +++ b/scripts/Kbuild.include
> > > @@ -74,8 +74,11 @@ endef
> > > # Usage: CROSS_COMPILE := $(call cc-cross-prefix, m68k-linux-gnu- m68k-linux-)
> > > # Return first <prefix> where a <prefix>gcc is found in PATH.
> > > # If no gcc found in PATH with listed prefixes return nothing
> > > +#
> > > +# Note: the special character '~' forces Make to invoke a shell. This workaround
> > > +# is needed because this issue was only fixed after GNU Make 4.2.1 release.
> > > cc-cross-prefix = $(firstword $(foreach c, $(filter-out -%, $(1)), \
> > > - $(if $(shell which $(c)gcc), $(c))))
> > > + $(if $(shell command -v $(c)gcc ~), $(c))))
> >
> > I see a problem here:
> > command -v foo bar
> > could be deemed to be an error (extra argument).
>
> OK, the specification does not allow to pass arguments
> with -v.
>
>
> > You could use:
> > $(shell sh -c "command -v $(c)gcc")
> > or maybe:
> > $(shell command$${x:+} -v $(c)gcc)
>
>
> How about this?
>
> $(shell : ~; command -v $(c)gcc)
Overcomplicated ....
I've not looked at the list of 'special characters' in make,
but I suspect any variable expansion is enough.
Since ${x:+} always expands to the empty string (whether or
not 'x' is defined) it can't have any unfortunate side effects.
I'd comment as:
# Note: ${x:+} always expands to the empty string and forces all
# versions of make to actually exec $SHELL rather than try to
# directly execute the shell builtin 'command'.
David
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