From: Segher Boessenkool > Sent: 23 October 2020 19:27 > > On Fri, Oct 23, 2020 at 06:58:57PM +0100, Al Viro wrote: > > On Fri, Oct 23, 2020 at 03:09:30PM +0200, David Hildenbrand wrote: > > > > > Now, I am not a compiler expert, but as I already cited, at least on > > > x86-64 clang expects that the high bits were cleared by the caller - in > > > contrast to gcc. I suspect it's the same on arm64, but again, I am no > > > compiler expert. > > > > > > If what I said and cites for x86-64 is correct, if the function expects > > > an "unsigned int", it will happily use 64bit operations without further > > > checks where valid when assuming high bits are zero. That's why even > > > converting everything to "unsigned int" as proposed by me won't work on > > > clang - it assumes high bits are zero (as indicated by Nick). > > > > > > As I am neither a compiler experts (did I mention that already? ;) ) nor > > > an arm64 experts, I can't tell if this is a compiler BUG or not. > > > > On arm64 when callee expects a 32bit argument, the caller is *not* responsible > > for clearing the upper half of 64bit register used to pass the value - it only > > needs to store the actual value into the lower half. The callee must consider > > the contents of the upper half of that register as undefined. See AAPCS64 (e.g. > > https://github.com/ARM-software/abi-aa/blob/master/aapcs64/aapcs64.rst#parameter-passing-rules > > ); AFAICS, the relevant bit is > > "Unlike in the 32-bit AAPCS, named integral values must be narrowed by > > the callee rather than the caller." > > Or the formal rule: > > C.9 If the argument is an Integral or Pointer Type, the size of the > argument is less than or equal to 8 bytes and the NGRN is less > than 8, the argument is copied to the least significant bits in > x[NGRN]. The NGRN is incremented by one. The argument has now > been allocated. So, in essence, if the value is in a 64bit register the calling code is independent of the actual type of the formal parameter. Clearly a value might need explicit widening. I've found a copy of the 64 bit arm instruction set. Unfortunately it is alpha sorted and repetitive so shows none of the symmetry and makes things difficult to find. But, contrary to what someone suggested most register writes (eg from arithmetic) seem to zero/extend the high bits. David - Registered Address Lakeside, Bramley Road, Mount Farm, Milton Keynes, MK1 1PT, UK Registration No: 1397386 (Wales)
