On Tue, 2018-10-02 at 10:24 -0700, Nick Desaulniers wrote: +AD4 On Mon, Oct 1, 2018 at 6:16 PM Bart Van Assche +ADw-bvanassche+AEA-acm.org+AD4 wrote: +AD4 +AD4 Additionally, zero initializers should be left out to minimize +AD4 +AD4 the size of object files. +AD4 +AD4 Sorry, my understanding was that global variables either occupy the +AD4 .bss section or the .data section, depending on whether they were +AD4 zero-initialized vs initialized to non-zero, respectively (where +AD4 non-initialized are treated as zero initialized). Looks like without +AD4 the explicit zero initialization, compilers will put the symbols in a +AD4 +ACI-common+ACI section, which +AGA-man 1 nm+AGA says is also unitialized data. I +AD4 didn't think .bss sections occupied space in an object file or binary+ADs +AD4 the kernel's loader would set up the mappings at execution? Can you +AD4 clarify? Explicitly initialized global and static variables end up in the .data section and need space in that section. That is not the case if the initializer is left out and these variables end up in the .bss section. >From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bss: +ACI-In computer programming, the name .bss or bss is used by many compilers and linkers for the portion of an object file or executable containing statically-allocated variables that are not explicitly initialized to any value. It is often referred to as the +ACI-bss section+ACI or +ACI-bss segment+ACI. Typically only the length of the bss section, but no data, is stored in the object file.+ACI This is why checkpatch warns if a global or static variable is initialized explicitly to zero. From scripts/checkpatch.pl: our +ACQ-zero+AF8-initializer +AD0 qr+AHs(?:(?:0+AFs-xX+AF0)?0+-+ACQ-Int+AF8-type?+AHw-NULL+AHw-false)+AFw-b+AH0AOw +ACM check for global initialisers. if (+ACQ-line +AD0Afg /+AF4AXAArACQ-Type+AFw-s+ACoAJA-Ident(?:+AFw-s+-+ACQ-Modifier)+ACoAXA-s+ACoAPQBc-s+ACo(+ACQ-zero+AF8-initializer)+AFw-s+ACoAOw-/) +AHs if (ERROR(+ACI-GLOBAL+AF8-INITIALISERS+ACI, +ACI-do not initialise globals to +ACQ-1+AFw-n+ACI . +ACQ-herecurr) +ACYAJg +ACQ-fix) +AHs +ACQ-fixed+AFsAJA-fixlinenr+AF0 +AD0Afg s/(+AF4.+ACQ-Type+AFw-s+ACoAJA-Ident(?:+AFw-s+-+ACQ-Modifier)+ACo)+AFw-s+ACoAPQBc-s+ACoAJA-zero+AF8-initializer+AFw-s+ACoAOw-/+ACQ-1+ADs-/+ADs +AH0 +AH0 +ACM check for static initialisers. if (+ACQ-line +AD0Afg /+AF4AXAAr.+ACoAXA-bstatic+AFw-s.+ACoAPQBc-s+ACo(+ACQ-zero+AF8-initializer)+AFw-s+ACoAOw-/) +AHs if (ERROR(+ACI-INITIALISED+AF8-STATIC+ACI, +ACI-do not initialise statics to +ACQ-1+AFw-n+ACI . +ACQ-herecurr) +ACYAJg +ACQ-fix) +AHs +ACQ-fixed+AFsAJA-fixlinenr+AF0 +AD0Afg s/(+AFw-bstatic+AFw-s.+ACo?)+AFw-s+ACoAPQBc-s+ACoAJA-zero+AF8-initializer+AFw-s+ACoAOw-/+ACQ-1+ADs-/+ADs +AH0 +AH0 Bart.
