Here is my new system: Intel(R) Xeon(R) W-2123 CPU @ 3.60GHz C422 chipset Centos 8 I've compiled and built two versions of the realtime kernel to take the place of the stock Centos kernel: 4.19.103-rt42 and 5.4.17-rt9 For both kernels, I run cyclictest: ./cyclictest -p 98 --smp -b 600 -f -m The worst case latencies approach 2 milliseconds at times. I have disabled SpeedStep in the BIOS. I have also experimented with the following additional kernel boot parameters for both kernels: noibrs noibpb nospectre_v2 nospectre_v1 l1tf=off nospec_store_bypass_disable no_stf_barrier mds=off mitigations=off nosoftlockup intel_idle.max_cstate=0 mce=ignore_ce processor.max_cstate=0 These parameters didn't solve the problem. The trace results show that the unexpected large latency seems to occur in the following ways: llvmpipe-9436 3d...... 4901974us!: switch_fpu_return <-prepare_exit_to_usermode llvmpipe-9436 3d...... 4902845us : smp_apic_timer_interrupt <-apic_timer_interrupt or Xorg-8825 3....... 4905576us!: kfree <-__audit_syscall_exit <idle>-0 2d...1.. 4905876us : smp_apic_timer_interrupt <-apic_timer_interrupt or <idle>-0 2d...1.. 4905910us!: mwait_idle <-default_idle_call <idle>-0 0d...1.. 4906049us : smp_apic_timer_interrupt <-apic_timer_interrupt or llvmpipe-9435 1d...... 4917323us!: rcu_irq_exit <-irq_exit llvmpipe-9438 3d...... 4917845us : smp_apic_timer_interrupt <-apic_timer_interrupt I do see NMIs occurring on the system, although not all latency events seem to correlate with an increment in the NMI counter in /proc/interrupts. I would greatly appreciate any advice on what I should do to trace the problem with this new system. I can send my .config files if needed. CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT_FULL=y is set. Thanks! Jan