Resuscitated and enhanced the kernel latency histograms provided
originally by Yi Yang and adapted and converted by Steven Rostedt.
Latency histograms in the current version
- can be enabled online and independently
- have virtually no performance penalty when configured but not enabled
- have very little performance penalty when enabled
- use already available wakeup and switch tracepoints
- give corresponding results with the related tracer
- allow to record wakeup latency histograms of a single process
- record the process where the highest wakeup latency occurred
- are documented in Documentation/trace/histograms.txt
Signed-off-by: Carsten Emde <C.Emde@xxxxxxxxx>
Index: linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/kernel/trace/Kconfig
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1.orig/kernel/trace/Kconfig
+++ linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/kernel/trace/Kconfig
@@ -167,6 +167,21 @@ config IRQSOFF_TRACER
enabled. This option and the preempt-off timing option can be
used together or separately.)
+config INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST
+ bool "Interrupts-off Latency Histogram"
+ depends on IRQSOFF_TRACER
+ help
+ This option generates a continuously updated histogram (one per cpu)
+ of the duration of time periods with interrupts disabled. The
+ histogram is disabled by default. To enable it, write a non-zero
+ number to the related file in
+
+ /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist/enable/preemptirqsoff
+
+ If PREEMPT_OFF_HIST is also selected, an additional histogram (one
+ per cpu) is generated that accumulates the duration of time periods
+ when both interrupts and preemption are disabled.
+
config PREEMPT_TRACER
bool "Preemption-off Latency Tracer"
default n
@@ -189,14 +204,20 @@ config PREEMPT_TRACER
enabled. This option and the irqs-off timing option can be
used together or separately.)
-config SYSPROF_TRACER
- bool "Sysprof Tracer"
- depends on X86
- select GENERIC_TRACER
- select CONTEXT_SWITCH_TRACER
- help
- This tracer provides the trace needed by the 'Sysprof' userspace
- tool.
+config PREEMPT_OFF_HIST
+ bool "Preemption-off Latency Histogram"
+ depends on PREEMPT_TRACER
+ help
+ This option generates a continuously updated histogram (one per cpu)
+ of the duration of time periods with preemption disabled. The
+ histogram is disabled by default. To enable it, write a non-zero
+ number to
+
+ /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist/enable/preemptirqsoff
+
+ If INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST is also selected, an additional histogram (one
+ per cpu) is generated that accumulates the duration of time periods
+ when both interrupts and preemption are disabled.
config SCHED_TRACER
bool "Scheduling Latency Tracer"
@@ -207,6 +228,25 @@ config SCHED_TRACER
This tracer tracks the latency of the highest priority task
to be scheduled in, starting from the point it has woken up.
+config WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST
+ bool "Scheduling Latency Histogram"
+ depends on SCHED_TRACER
+ help
+ This option generates a continuously updated histogram (one per cpu)
+ of the scheduling latency of the highest priority task. The histogram
+ is disabled by default. To enable it, write a non-zero number to
+
+ /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist/enable/wakeup
+
+config SYSPROF_TRACER
+ bool "Sysprof Tracer"
+ depends on X86
+ select GENERIC_TRACER
+ select CONTEXT_SWITCH_TRACER
+ help
+ This tracer provides the trace needed by the 'Sysprof' userspace
+ tool.
+
config ENABLE_DEFAULT_TRACERS
bool "Trace process context switches and events"
depends on !GENERIC_TRACER
Index: linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/kernel/trace/Makefile
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1.orig/kernel/trace/Makefile
+++ linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/kernel/trace/Makefile
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_FUNCTION_TRACER) += trace_f
obj-$(CONFIG_IRQSOFF_TRACER) += trace_irqsoff.o
obj-$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_TRACER) += trace_irqsoff.o
obj-$(CONFIG_SCHED_TRACER) += trace_sched_wakeup.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST) += latency_hist.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST) += latency_hist.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST) += latency_hist.o
obj-$(CONFIG_NOP_TRACER) += trace_nop.o
obj-$(CONFIG_STACK_TRACER) += trace_stack.o
obj-$(CONFIG_MMIOTRACE) += trace_mmiotrace.o
Index: linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/kernel/trace/trace_irqsoff.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1.orig/kernel/trace/trace_irqsoff.c
+++ linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/kernel/trace/trace_irqsoff.c
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include "trace.h"
+#include <trace/events/hist.h>
static struct trace_array *irqsoff_trace __read_mostly;
static int tracer_enabled __read_mostly;
@@ -247,11 +248,13 @@ void start_critical_timings(void)
{
if (preempt_trace() || irq_trace())
start_critical_timing(CALLER_ADDR0, CALLER_ADDR1);
+ trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(TRACE_START, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(start_critical_timings);
void stop_critical_timings(void)
{
+ trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(TRACE_STOP, 0);
if (preempt_trace() || irq_trace())
stop_critical_timing(CALLER_ADDR0, CALLER_ADDR1);
}
@@ -261,6 +264,7 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(stop_critical_timings)
#ifdef CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING
void time_hardirqs_on(unsigned long a0, unsigned long a1)
{
+ trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(IRQS_ON, 0);
if (!preempt_trace() && irq_trace())
stop_critical_timing(a0, a1);
}
@@ -269,6 +273,7 @@ void time_hardirqs_off(unsigned long a0,
{
if (!preempt_trace() && irq_trace())
start_critical_timing(a0, a1);
+ trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(IRQS_OFF, 1);
}
#else /* !CONFIG_PROVE_LOCKING */
@@ -302,6 +307,7 @@ inline void print_irqtrace_events(struct
*/
void trace_hardirqs_on(void)
{
+ trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(IRQS_ON, 0);
if (!preempt_trace() && irq_trace())
stop_critical_timing(CALLER_ADDR0, CALLER_ADDR1);
}
@@ -311,11 +317,13 @@ void trace_hardirqs_off(void)
{
if (!preempt_trace() && irq_trace())
start_critical_timing(CALLER_ADDR0, CALLER_ADDR1);
+ trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(IRQS_OFF, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(trace_hardirqs_off);
void trace_hardirqs_on_caller(unsigned long caller_addr)
{
+ trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(IRQS_ON, 0);
if (!preempt_trace() && irq_trace())
stop_critical_timing(CALLER_ADDR0, caller_addr);
}
@@ -325,6 +333,7 @@ void trace_hardirqs_off_caller(unsigned
{
if (!preempt_trace() && irq_trace())
start_critical_timing(CALLER_ADDR0, caller_addr);
+ trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(IRQS_OFF, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(trace_hardirqs_off_caller);
@@ -334,12 +343,14 @@ EXPORT_SYMBOL(trace_hardirqs_off_caller)
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_TRACER
void trace_preempt_on(unsigned long a0, unsigned long a1)
{
+ trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(PREEMPT_ON, 0);
if (preempt_trace())
stop_critical_timing(a0, a1);
}
void trace_preempt_off(unsigned long a0, unsigned long a1)
{
+ trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(PREEMPT_OFF, 1);
if (preempt_trace())
start_critical_timing(a0, a1);
}
Index: linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/init/main.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1.orig/init/main.c
+++ linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/init/main.c
@@ -936,7 +936,7 @@ static int __init kernel_init(void * unu
WARN_ON(irqs_disabled());
#endif
-#define DEBUG_COUNT (defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_RT_MUTEXES) + defined(CONFIG_IRQSOFF_TRACER) + defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_TRACER) + defined(CONFIG_STACK_TRACER) + defined(CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST) + defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB) + defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC) + defined(CONFIG_LOCKDEP) + (defined(CONFIG_FTRACE) - defined(CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD)))
+#define DEBUG_COUNT (defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_RT_MUTEXES) + defined(CONFIG_IRQSOFF_TRACER) + defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_TRACER) + defined(CONFIG_STACK_TRACER) + defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST) + defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST) + defined(CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST) + defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_SLAB) + defined(CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC) + defined(CONFIG_LOCKDEP) + (defined(CONFIG_FTRACE) - defined(CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD)))
#if DEBUG_COUNT > 0
printk(KERN_ERR "*****************************************************************************\n");
@@ -956,9 +956,15 @@ static int __init kernel_init(void * unu
#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_TRACER
printk(KERN_ERR "* CONFIG_PREEMPT_TRACER *\n");
#endif
-#ifdef CONFIG_FTRACE
+#if defined(CONFIG_FTRACE) && !defined(CONFIG_FTRACE_MCOUNT_RECORD)
printk(KERN_ERR "* CONFIG_FTRACE *\n");
#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST
+ printk(KERN_ERR "* CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST *\n");
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST
+ printk(KERN_ERR "* CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST *\n");
+#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST
printk(KERN_ERR "* CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST *\n");
#endif
Index: linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/kernel/sched.c
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1.orig/kernel/sched.c
+++ linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/kernel/sched.c
@@ -717,6 +717,11 @@ struct rq {
#endif
};
+struct task_struct *rq_curr(struct rq *rq)
+{
+ return rq->curr;
+}
+
static DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct rq, runqueues);
static inline void check_preempt_curr(struct rq *rq, struct task_struct *p, int sync)
Index: linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/kernel/trace/latency_hist.c
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/kernel/trace/latency_hist.c
@@ -0,0 +1,822 @@
+/*
+ * kernel/trace/latency_hist.c
+ *
+ * Add support for histograms of preemption-off latency and
+ * interrupt-off latency and wakeup latency, it depends on
+ * Real-Time Preemption Support.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2005 MontaVista Software, Inc.
+ * Yi Yang <yyang@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
+ *
+ * Converted to work with the new latency tracer.
+ * Copyright (C) 2008 Red Hat, Inc.
+ * Steven Rostedt <srostedt@xxxxxxxxxx>
+ *
+ */
+#include <linux/module.h>
+#include <linux/debugfs.h>
+#include <linux/seq_file.h>
+#include <linux/percpu.h>
+#include <linux/kallsyms.h>
+#include <linux/uaccess.h>
+#include <linux/sched.h>
+#include <asm/atomic.h>
+#include <asm/div64.h>
+
+#include "trace.h"
+#include <trace/events/sched.h>
+
+#define CREATE_TRACE_POINTS
+#include <trace/events/hist.h>
+
+enum {
+ IRQSOFF_LATENCY = 0,
+ PREEMPTOFF_LATENCY,
+ PREEMPTIRQSOFF_LATENCY,
+ WAKEUP_LATENCY,
+ MAX_LATENCY_TYPE,
+};
+
+#define MAX_ENTRY_NUM 10240
+
+struct hist_data {
+ atomic_t hist_mode; /* 0 log, 1 don't log */
+ unsigned long min_lat;
+ unsigned long max_lat;
+ unsigned long long beyond_hist_bound_samples;
+ unsigned long long accumulate_lat;
+ unsigned long long total_samples;
+ unsigned long long hist_array[MAX_ENTRY_NUM];
+};
+
+struct enable_data {
+ int latency_type;
+ int enabled;
+};
+
+static char *latency_hist_dir_root = "latency_hist";
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hist_data, irqsoff_hist);
+static char *irqsoff_hist_dir = "irqsoff";
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hist_data, preemptoff_hist);
+static char *preemptoff_hist_dir = "preemptoff";
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST) && defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST)
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hist_data, preemptirqsoff_hist);
+static char *preemptirqsoff_hist_dir = "preemptirqsoff";
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST) || defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST)
+static notrace void probe_preemptirqsoff_hist(int reason, int start);
+static struct enable_data preemptirqsoff_enabled_data = {
+ .latency_type = PREEMPTIRQSOFF_LATENCY,
+ .enabled = 0,
+};
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct hist_data, wakeup_latency_hist);
+static char *wakeup_latency_hist_dir = "wakeup";
+static notrace void probe_wakeup_latency_hist_start(struct rq *rq,
+ struct task_struct *p, int success);
+static notrace void probe_wakeup_latency_hist_stop(struct rq *rq,
+ struct task_struct *prev, struct task_struct *next);
+static struct enable_data wakeup_latency_enabled_data = {
+ .latency_type = WAKEUP_LATENCY,
+ .enabled = 0,
+};
+static struct task_struct *ts;
+struct maxlatproc_data {
+ char comm[sizeof(ts->comm)];
+ unsigned int pid;
+ unsigned int prio;
+ unsigned long latency;
+};
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct maxlatproc_data, wakeup_maxlatproc);
+static unsigned wakeup_prio = (unsigned)-1;
+static struct task_struct *wakeup_task;
+static int wakeup_pid;
+#endif
+
+void notrace latency_hist(int latency_type, int cpu, unsigned long latency,
+ struct task_struct *p)
+{
+ struct hist_data *my_hist;
+
+ if (cpu < 0 || cpu >= NR_CPUS || latency_type < 0 ||
+ latency_type >= MAX_LATENCY_TYPE)
+ return;
+
+ switch (latency_type) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST
+ case IRQSOFF_LATENCY:
+ my_hist = &per_cpu(irqsoff_hist, cpu);
+ break;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST
+ case PREEMPTOFF_LATENCY:
+ my_hist = &per_cpu(preemptoff_hist, cpu);
+ break;
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST) && defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST)
+ case PREEMPTIRQSOFF_LATENCY:
+ my_hist = &per_cpu(preemptirqsoff_hist, cpu);
+ break;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST
+ case WAKEUP_LATENCY:
+ my_hist = &per_cpu(wakeup_latency_hist, cpu);
+ break;
+#endif
+ default:
+ return;
+ }
+
+ if (atomic_read(&my_hist->hist_mode) == 0)
+ return;
+
+ if (latency >= MAX_ENTRY_NUM)
+ my_hist->beyond_hist_bound_samples++;
+ else
+ my_hist->hist_array[latency]++;
+
+ if (latency < my_hist->min_lat)
+ my_hist->min_lat = latency;
+ else if (latency > my_hist->max_lat) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST
+ if (latency_type == WAKEUP_LATENCY) {
+ struct maxlatproc_data *mp =
+ &per_cpu(wakeup_maxlatproc, cpu);
+ strncpy(mp->comm, p->comm, sizeof(mp->comm));
+ mp->pid = task_pid_nr(p);
+ mp->prio = p->prio;
+ mp->latency = latency;
+ }
+#endif
+ my_hist->max_lat = latency;
+ }
+
+ my_hist->total_samples++;
+ my_hist->accumulate_lat += latency;
+ return;
+}
+
+static void *l_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
+{
+ loff_t *index_ptr = kmalloc(sizeof(loff_t), GFP_KERNEL);
+ loff_t index = *pos;
+ struct hist_data *my_hist = m->private;
+
+ if (!index_ptr)
+ return NULL;
+
+ if (index == 0) {
+ char avgstr[32];
+
+ atomic_dec(&my_hist->hist_mode);
+ if (likely(my_hist->total_samples)) {
+ unsigned long avg = (unsigned long)
+ div64_u64(my_hist->accumulate_lat,
+ my_hist->total_samples);
+ sprintf(avgstr, "%lu", avg);
+ } else
+ strcpy(avgstr, "<undef>");
+
+ seq_printf(m, "#Minimum latency: %lu microseconds.\n"
+ "#Average latency: %s microseconds.\n"
+ "#Maximum latency: %lu microseconds.\n"
+ "#Total samples: %llu\n"
+ "#There are %llu samples greater or equal"
+ " than %d microseconds\n"
+ "#usecs\t%16s\n"
+ , my_hist->min_lat
+ , avgstr
+ , my_hist->max_lat
+ , my_hist->total_samples
+ , my_hist->beyond_hist_bound_samples
+ , MAX_ENTRY_NUM, "samples");
+ }
+ if (index >= MAX_ENTRY_NUM)
+ return NULL;
+
+ *index_ptr = index;
+ return index_ptr;
+}
+
+static void *l_next(struct seq_file *m, void *p, loff_t *pos)
+{
+ loff_t *index_ptr = p;
+ struct hist_data *my_hist = m->private;
+
+ if (++*pos >= MAX_ENTRY_NUM) {
+ atomic_inc(&my_hist->hist_mode);
+ return NULL;
+ }
+ *index_ptr = *pos;
+ return index_ptr;
+}
+
+static void l_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
+{
+ kfree(p);
+}
+
+static int l_show(struct seq_file *m, void *p)
+{
+ int index = *(loff_t *) p;
+ struct hist_data *my_hist = m->private;
+
+ seq_printf(m, "%5d\t%16llu\n", index, my_hist->hist_array[index]);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static struct seq_operations latency_hist_seq_op = {
+ .start = l_start,
+ .next = l_next,
+ .stop = l_stop,
+ .show = l_show
+};
+
+static int latency_hist_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
+{
+ int ret;
+
+ ret = seq_open(file, &latency_hist_seq_op);
+ if (!ret) {
+ struct seq_file *seq = file->private_data;
+ seq->private = inode->i_private;
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static struct file_operations latency_hist_fops = {
+ .open = latency_hist_open,
+ .read = seq_read,
+ .llseek = seq_lseek,
+ .release = seq_release,
+};
+
+static void hist_reset(struct hist_data *hist)
+{
+ atomic_dec(&hist->hist_mode);
+
+ memset(hist->hist_array, 0, sizeof(hist->hist_array));
+ hist->beyond_hist_bound_samples = 0ULL;
+ hist->min_lat = 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
+ hist->max_lat = 0UL;
+ hist->total_samples = 0ULL;
+ hist->accumulate_lat = 0ULL;
+
+ atomic_inc(&hist->hist_mode);
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+latency_hist_reset(struct file *file, const char __user *a,
+ size_t size, loff_t *off)
+{
+ int cpu;
+ struct hist_data *hist;
+ int latency_type = (int) file->private_data;
+
+ switch (latency_type) {
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST
+ case PREEMPTOFF_LATENCY:
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
+ hist = &per_cpu(preemptoff_hist, cpu);
+ hist_reset(hist);
+ }
+ break;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST
+ case IRQSOFF_LATENCY:
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
+ hist = &per_cpu(irqsoff_hist, cpu);
+ hist_reset(hist);
+ }
+ break;
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST) && defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST)
+ case PREEMPTIRQSOFF_LATENCY:
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
+ hist = &per_cpu(preemptirqsoff_hist, cpu);
+ hist_reset(hist);
+ }
+ break;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST
+ case WAKEUP_LATENCY:
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
+ struct maxlatproc_data *mp =
+ &per_cpu(wakeup_maxlatproc, cpu);
+ mp->comm[0] = '\0';
+ mp->prio = mp->pid = mp->latency = 0;
+ hist = &per_cpu(wakeup_latency_hist, cpu);
+ hist_reset(hist);
+ }
+ break;
+#endif
+ }
+
+ return size;
+}
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST
+static ssize_t
+latency_hist_show_pid(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuf,
+ size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+ char buf[64];
+ int r;
+
+ r = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u\n", wakeup_pid);
+ if (r > sizeof(buf))
+ r = sizeof(buf);
+ return simple_read_from_buffer(ubuf, cnt, ppos, buf, r);
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+latency_hist_pid(struct file *filp, const char __user *ubuf,
+ size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+ char buf[64];
+ unsigned long pid;
+
+ if (cnt >= sizeof(buf))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ if (copy_from_user(&buf, ubuf, cnt))
+ return -EFAULT;
+
+ buf[cnt] = '\0';
+
+ if (strict_strtoul(buf, 10, &pid))
+ return(-EINVAL);
+
+ wakeup_pid = pid;
+ return cnt;
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+latency_hist_show_maxlatproc(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuf,
+ size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+ char buf[1024];
+ int r;
+ struct maxlatproc_data *mp = (struct maxlatproc_data *)
+ filp->private_data;
+
+ r = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%5d %3d %ld %s\n",
+ mp->pid, mp->prio, mp->latency, mp->comm);
+ if (r > sizeof(buf))
+ r = sizeof(buf);
+ return simple_read_from_buffer(ubuf, cnt, ppos, buf, r);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST) || defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST)
+#ifdef CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(cycles_t, hist_irqsoff_start);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, hist_irqsoff_counting);
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(cycles_t, hist_preemptoff_start);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, hist_preemptoff_counting);
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST) && defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST)
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(cycles_t, hist_preemptirqsoff_start);
+static DEFINE_PER_CPU(int, hist_preemptirqsoff_counting);
+#endif
+
+static ssize_t
+latency_hist_show_enable(struct file *filp, char __user *ubuf,
+ size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+ char buf[64];
+ struct enable_data *ed = (struct enable_data *) filp->private_data;
+ int r;
+
+ r = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%d\n", ed->enabled);
+ if (r > sizeof(buf))
+ r = sizeof(buf);
+ return simple_read_from_buffer(ubuf, cnt, ppos, buf, r);
+}
+
+static ssize_t
+latency_hist_enable(struct file *filp, const char __user *ubuf,
+ size_t cnt, loff_t *ppos)
+{
+ char buf[64];
+ long enable;
+ struct enable_data *ed = (struct enable_data *) filp->private_data;
+
+ if (cnt >= sizeof(buf))
+ return -EINVAL;
+
+ if (copy_from_user(&buf, ubuf, cnt))
+ return -EFAULT;
+
+ buf[cnt] = 0;
+
+ if (strict_strtol(buf, 10, &enable))
+ return(-EINVAL);
+
+ if ((enable && ed->enabled) || (!enable && !ed->enabled))
+ return cnt;
+
+ if (enable) {
+ int ret;
+
+ switch (ed->latency_type) {
+ case WAKEUP_LATENCY:
+ ret = register_trace_sched_wakeup(
+ probe_wakeup_latency_hist_start);
+ if (ret) {
+ pr_info("wakeup trace: Couldn't assign "
+ "probe_wakeup_latency_hist_start "
+ "to trace_sched_wakeup\n");
+ return ret;
+ }
+ ret = register_trace_sched_wakeup_new(
+ probe_wakeup_latency_hist_start);
+ if (ret) {
+ pr_info("wakeup trace: Couldn't assign "
+ "probe_wakeup_latency_hist_start "
+ "to trace_sched_wakeup_new\n");
+ unregister_trace_sched_wakeup(
+ probe_wakeup_latency_hist_start);
+ return ret;
+ }
+ ret = register_trace_sched_switch(
+ probe_wakeup_latency_hist_stop);
+ if (ret) {
+ pr_info("wakeup trace: Couldn't assign "
+ "probe_wakeup_latency_hist_stop "
+ "to trace_sched_switch\n");
+ unregister_trace_sched_wakeup(
+ probe_wakeup_latency_hist_start);
+ unregister_trace_sched_switch(
+ probe_wakeup_latency_hist_stop);
+ return ret;
+ }
+ break;
+ case PREEMPTIRQSOFF_LATENCY:
+ ret = register_trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(
+ probe_preemptirqsoff_hist);
+ if (ret) {
+ pr_info("wakeup trace: Couldn't assign "
+ "probe_preemptirqsoff_hist "
+ "to trace_preemptirqsoff_hist\n");
+ return ret;
+ }
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+ } else {
+ int cpu;
+
+ switch (ed->latency_type) {
+ case WAKEUP_LATENCY:
+ unregister_trace_sched_wakeup(
+ probe_wakeup_latency_hist_start);
+ unregister_trace_sched_wakeup_new(
+ probe_wakeup_latency_hist_start);
+ unregister_trace_sched_switch(
+ probe_wakeup_latency_hist_stop);
+ wakeup_task = NULL;
+ wakeup_prio = (unsigned)-1;
+ break;
+ case PREEMPTIRQSOFF_LATENCY:
+ unregister_trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(
+ probe_preemptirqsoff_hist);
+ for_each_online_cpu(cpu) {
+#ifdef CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST
+ per_cpu(hist_irqsoff_counting, cpu) = 0;
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST
+ per_cpu(hist_preemptoff_counting, cpu) = 0;
+#endif
+#if defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST) && defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST)
+ per_cpu(hist_preemptirqsoff_counting, cpu) = 0;
+#endif
+ }
+ break;
+ default:
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+ ed->enabled = enable;
+ return cnt;
+}
+
+static struct file_operations latency_hist_reset_fops = {
+ .open = tracing_open_generic,
+ .write = latency_hist_reset,
+};
+
+static struct file_operations latency_hist_pid_fops = {
+ .open = tracing_open_generic,
+ .read = latency_hist_show_pid,
+ .write = latency_hist_pid,
+};
+
+static struct file_operations latency_hist_maxlatproc_fops = {
+ .open = tracing_open_generic,
+ .read = latency_hist_show_maxlatproc,
+};
+
+static struct file_operations latency_hist_enable_fops = {
+ .open = tracing_open_generic,
+ .read = latency_hist_show_enable,
+ .write = latency_hist_enable,
+};
+
+notrace void probe_preemptirqsoff_hist(int reason, int starthist)
+{
+ int cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
+ int time_set = 0;
+
+ if (starthist) {
+ cycle_t uninitialized_var(start);
+
+ if (!preempt_count() && !irqs_disabled())
+ return;
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST
+ if ((reason == IRQS_OFF || reason == TRACE_START) &&
+ !per_cpu(hist_irqsoff_counting, cpu)) {
+ per_cpu(hist_irqsoff_counting, cpu) = 1;
+ start = ftrace_now(cpu);
+ time_set++;
+ per_cpu(hist_irqsoff_start, cpu) = start;
+ }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST
+ if ((reason == PREEMPT_OFF || reason == TRACE_START) &&
+ !per_cpu(hist_preemptoff_counting, cpu)) {
+ per_cpu(hist_preemptoff_counting, cpu) = 1;
+ if (!(time_set++))
+ start = ftrace_now(cpu);
+ per_cpu(hist_preemptoff_start, cpu) = start;
+ }
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST) && defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST)
+ if (per_cpu(hist_irqsoff_counting, cpu) &&
+ per_cpu(hist_preemptoff_counting, cpu) &&
+ !per_cpu(hist_preemptirqsoff_counting, cpu)) {
+ per_cpu(hist_preemptirqsoff_counting, cpu) = 1;
+ if (!time_set)
+ start = ftrace_now(cpu);
+ per_cpu(hist_preemptirqsoff_start, cpu) = start;
+ }
+#endif
+ } else {
+ cycle_t uninitialized_var(stop);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST
+ if ((reason == IRQS_ON || reason == TRACE_STOP) &&
+ per_cpu(hist_irqsoff_counting, cpu)) {
+ cycle_t start = per_cpu(hist_irqsoff_start, cpu);
+
+ stop = ftrace_now(cpu);
+ time_set++;
+ if (start && stop >= start) {
+ unsigned long latency =
+ nsecs_to_usecs(stop - start);
+
+ latency_hist(IRQSOFF_LATENCY, cpu, latency,
+ NULL);
+ }
+ per_cpu(hist_irqsoff_counting, cpu) = 0;
+ }
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST
+ if ((reason == PREEMPT_ON || reason == TRACE_STOP) &&
+ per_cpu(hist_preemptoff_counting, cpu)) {
+ cycle_t start = per_cpu(hist_preemptoff_start, cpu);
+
+ if (!(time_set++))
+ stop = ftrace_now(cpu);
+ if (start && stop >= start) {
+ unsigned long latency =
+ nsecs_to_usecs(stop - start);
+
+ latency_hist(PREEMPTOFF_LATENCY, cpu, latency,
+ NULL);
+ }
+ per_cpu(hist_preemptoff_counting, cpu) = 0;
+ }
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST) && defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST)
+ if ((!per_cpu(hist_irqsoff_counting, cpu) ||
+ !per_cpu(hist_preemptoff_counting, cpu)) &&
+ per_cpu(hist_preemptirqsoff_counting, cpu)) {
+ cycle_t start = per_cpu(hist_preemptirqsoff_start, cpu);
+
+ if (!time_set)
+ stop = ftrace_now(cpu);
+ if (start && stop >= start) {
+ unsigned long latency =
+ nsecs_to_usecs(stop - start);
+ latency_hist(PREEMPTIRQSOFF_LATENCY, cpu,
+ latency, NULL);
+ }
+ per_cpu(hist_preemptirqsoff_counting, cpu) = 0;
+ }
+#endif
+ }
+}
+
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST
+static cycle_t wakeup_start;
+static DEFINE_ATOMIC_SPINLOCK(wakeup_lock);
+
+notrace void probe_wakeup_latency_hist_start(struct rq *rq,
+ struct task_struct *p, int success)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+ struct task_struct *curr = rq_curr(rq);
+
+ if (wakeup_pid) {
+ if (likely(wakeup_pid != task_pid_nr(p)))
+ return;
+ } else {
+ if (likely(!rt_task(p)) ||
+ p->prio >= wakeup_prio ||
+ p->prio >= curr->prio)
+ return;
+ }
+
+ atomic_spin_lock_irqsave(&wakeup_lock, flags);
+ if (wakeup_task)
+ put_task_struct(wakeup_task);
+
+ get_task_struct(p);
+ wakeup_task = p;
+ wakeup_prio = p->prio;
+ wakeup_start = ftrace_now(raw_smp_processor_id());
+ atomic_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&wakeup_lock, flags);
+}
+
+notrace void probe_wakeup_latency_hist_stop(struct rq *rq,
+ struct task_struct *prev, struct task_struct *next)
+{
+ unsigned long flags;
+ int cpu;
+ unsigned long latency;
+ cycle_t stop;
+
+ if (next != wakeup_task)
+ return;
+
+ cpu = raw_smp_processor_id();
+ stop = ftrace_now(cpu);
+
+ atomic_spin_lock_irqsave(&wakeup_lock, flags);
+ if (next != wakeup_task)
+ goto out;
+
+ latency = nsecs_to_usecs(stop - wakeup_start);
+ latency_hist(WAKEUP_LATENCY, cpu, latency, next);
+
+ put_task_struct(wakeup_task);
+ wakeup_task = NULL;
+ wakeup_prio = (unsigned)-1;
+out:
+ atomic_spin_unlock_irqrestore(&wakeup_lock, flags);
+}
+
+#endif
+
+static __init int latency_hist_init(void)
+{
+ struct dentry *latency_hist_root = NULL;
+ struct dentry *dentry;
+ struct dentry *entry;
+ struct dentry *latency_hist_enable_root;
+ int i = 0, len = 0;
+ struct hist_data *my_hist;
+ char name[64];
+ char *cpufmt = "CPU%d";
+
+ dentry = tracing_init_dentry();
+
+ latency_hist_root =
+ debugfs_create_dir(latency_hist_dir_root, dentry);
+
+ latency_hist_enable_root =
+ debugfs_create_dir("enable", latency_hist_root);
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST
+ dentry = debugfs_create_dir(irqsoff_hist_dir, latency_hist_root);
+ for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
+ len = sprintf(name, cpufmt, i);
+ name[len] = '\0';
+ entry = debugfs_create_file(name, 0444, dentry,
+ &per_cpu(irqsoff_hist, i),
+ &latency_hist_fops);
+ my_hist = &per_cpu(irqsoff_hist, i);
+ atomic_set(&my_hist->hist_mode, 1);
+ my_hist->min_lat = 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
+ }
+ entry = debugfs_create_file("reset", 0644, dentry,
+ (void *)IRQSOFF_LATENCY,
+ &latency_hist_reset_fops);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST
+ dentry = debugfs_create_dir(preemptoff_hist_dir,
+ latency_hist_root);
+ for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
+ len = sprintf(name, cpufmt, i);
+ name[len] = '\0';
+ entry = debugfs_create_file(name, 0444, dentry,
+ &per_cpu(preemptoff_hist, i),
+ &latency_hist_fops);
+ my_hist = &per_cpu(preemptoff_hist, i);
+ atomic_set(&my_hist->hist_mode, 1);
+ my_hist->min_lat = 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
+ }
+ entry = debugfs_create_file("reset", 0644, dentry,
+ (void *)PREEMPTOFF_LATENCY,
+ &latency_hist_reset_fops);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST) && defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST)
+ dentry = debugfs_create_dir(preemptirqsoff_hist_dir,
+ latency_hist_root);
+ for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
+ len = sprintf(name, cpufmt, i);
+ name[len] = '\0';
+ entry = debugfs_create_file(name, 0444, dentry,
+ &per_cpu(preemptirqsoff_hist, i),
+ &latency_hist_fops);
+ my_hist = &per_cpu(preemptirqsoff_hist, i);
+ atomic_set(&my_hist->hist_mode, 1);
+ my_hist->min_lat = 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
+ }
+ entry = debugfs_create_file("reset", 0644, dentry,
+ (void *)PREEMPTIRQSOFF_LATENCY,
+ &latency_hist_reset_fops);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST) || defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST)
+ entry = debugfs_create_file("preemptirqsoff", 0644,
+ latency_hist_enable_root,
+ (void *)&preemptirqsoff_enabled_data,
+ &latency_hist_enable_fops);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY_HIST
+ dentry = debugfs_create_dir(wakeup_latency_hist_dir,
+ latency_hist_root);
+ for_each_possible_cpu(i) {
+ len = sprintf(name, cpufmt, i);
+ name[len] = '\0';
+ entry = debugfs_create_file(name, 0444, dentry,
+ &per_cpu(wakeup_latency_hist, i),
+ &latency_hist_fops);
+ my_hist = &per_cpu(wakeup_latency_hist, i);
+ atomic_set(&my_hist->hist_mode, 1);
+ my_hist->min_lat = 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
+
+ len = sprintf(name, "max_latency-CPU%d", i);
+ name[len] = '\0';
+ entry = debugfs_create_file(name, 0444, dentry,
+ &per_cpu(wakeup_maxlatproc, i),
+ &latency_hist_maxlatproc_fops);
+ }
+ entry = debugfs_create_file("pid", 0644, dentry,
+ (void *)&wakeup_pid,
+ &latency_hist_pid_fops);
+ entry = debugfs_create_file("reset", 0644, dentry,
+ (void *)WAKEUP_LATENCY,
+ &latency_hist_reset_fops);
+ entry = debugfs_create_file("wakeup", 0644,
+ latency_hist_enable_root,
+ (void *)&wakeup_latency_enabled_data,
+ &latency_hist_enable_fops);
+#endif
+ return 0;
+}
+
+__initcall(latency_hist_init);
Index: linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/Documentation/trace/histograms.txt
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/Documentation/trace/histograms.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+ Using the Linux Kernel Latency Histograms
+
+
+This document gives a short explanation how to enable, configure and use
+latency histograms. Latency histograms are primarily relevant in the
+context of real-time enabled kernels (CONFIG_PREEMPT/CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT)
+and are used in the quality management of the Linux real-time
+capabilities.
+
+
+* Purpose of latency histograms
+
+A latency histogram continuously accumulates the frequencies of latency
+data. There are two types of histograms
+- potential sources of latencies
+- effective latencies
+
+
+* Potential sources of latencies
+
+Potential sources of latencies are code segments where interrupts,
+preemption or both are disabled (aka critical sections). To create
+histograms of potential sources of latency, the kernel stores the time
+stamp at the start of a critical section, determines the time elapsed
+when the end of the section is reached, and increments the frequency
+counter of that latency value - irrespective of whether any concurrently
+running process is affected by latency or not.
+- Configuration items (in the Kernel hacking/Tracers submenu)
+ CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_LATENCY
+ CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_LATENCY
+
+
+* Effective latencies
+
+Effective latencies are actually occuring during wakeup of a process. To
+determine effective latencies, the kernel stores the time stamp when a
+process is scheduled to be woken up, and determines the duration of the
+wakeup time shortly before control is passed over to this process. Note
+that the apparent latency in user space may be considerably longer,
+since
+i) interrupts may be disabled preventing the scheduler from initiating
+the wakeup mechanism, and
+ii) the process may be interrupted after control is passed over to it
+but before user space execution takes place.
+- Configuration item (in the Kernel hacking/Tracers submenu)
+ CONFIG_WAKEUP_LATENCY
+
+
+* Usage
+
+The interface to the administration of the latency histograms is located
+in the debugfs file system. To mount it, either enter
+
+mount -t sysfs nodev /sys
+mount -t debugfs nodev /sys/kernel/debug
+
+from shell command line level, or add
+
+nodev /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
+nodev /sys/kernel/debug debugfs defaults 0 0
+
+to the file /etc/fstab. All latency histogram related files are
+available in the directory /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist. A
+particular histogram type is enabled by writing non-zero to the related
+variable in the /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist/enable directory.
+Select "preemptirqsoff" for the histograms of potential sources of
+latencies and "wakeup" for histograms of effective latencies. The
+histogram data - one per CPU - are available in the files
+
+/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist/preemptoff/CPUx
+/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist/irqsoff/CPUx
+/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist/preemptirqsoff/CPUx
+/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist/wakeup/CPUx.
+
+The histograms are reset by writing non-zero to the file "reset" in a
+particular latency directory. To reset all latency data, use
+
+#!/bin/sh
+
+HISTDIR=/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist
+
+if test -d $HISTDIR
+then
+ cd $HISTDIR
+ for i in */reset
+ do
+ echo 1 >$i
+ done
+fi
+
+
+* Data format
+
+Latency data are stored with a resolution of one microsecond. The
+maximum latency is 10,240 microseconds. The data are only valid, if the
+overflow register is empty. Every output line contains the latency in
+microseconds in the first row and the number of samples in the second
+row. To display only lines with a positive latency count, use, for
+example,
+
+grep -v " 0$" /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist/preemptoff/CPU0
+
+#Minimum latency: 0 microseconds.
+#Average latency: 0 microseconds.
+#Maximum latency: 25 microseconds.
+#Total samples: 3104770694
+#There are 0 samples greater or equal than 10240 microseconds
+#usecs samples
+ 0 2984486876
+ 1 49843506
+ 2 58219047
+ 3 5348126
+ 4 2187960
+ 5 3388262
+ 6 959289
+ 7 208294
+ 8 40420
+ 9 4485
+ 10 14918
+ 11 18340
+ 12 25052
+ 13 19455
+ 14 5602
+ 15 969
+ 16 47
+ 17 18
+ 18 14
+ 19 1
+ 20 3
+ 21 2
+ 22 5
+ 23 2
+ 25 1
+
+
+* Wakeup latency of a selected process
+
+To only collect wakeup latency data of a particular process, write the
+PID of the requested process to
+
+/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist/wakeup/pid.
+
+PIDs are not considered, if this variable is set to 0.
+
+
+* Details of the process with the highest wakeup latency so far
+
+Selected data of the process that suffered from the highest wakeup
+latency that occurred in a particular CPU are available in the file
+
+/sys/kernel/debug/tracing/latency_hist/wakeup/max_latency-CPUx.
+
+The format of the data is
+<PID> <Priority> <Latency> <Command>
+
+These data are also reset when the wakeup histogram ist reset.
Index: linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/include/trace/events/hist.h
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/include/trace/events/hist.h
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#undef TRACE_SYSTEM
+#define TRACE_SYSTEM hist
+
+#if !defined(_TRACE_HIST_H) || defined(TRACE_HEADER_MULTI_READ)
+#define _TRACE_HIST_H
+
+#include "latency_hist.h"
+#include <linux/tracepoint.h>
+
+#if !defined(CONFIG_PREEMPT_OFF_HIST) && !defined(CONFIG_INTERRUPT_OFF_HIST)
+#define trace_preemptirqsoff_hist(a,b)
+#else
+TRACE_EVENT(preemptirqsoff_hist,
+
+ TP_PROTO(int reason, int starthist),
+
+ TP_ARGS(reason, starthist),
+
+ TP_STRUCT__entry(
+ __field( int, reason )
+ __field( int, starthist )
+ ),
+
+ TP_fast_assign(
+ __entry->reason = reason;
+ __entry->starthist = starthist;
+ ),
+
+ TP_printk("reason=%s starthist=%s", getaction(__entry->reason),
+ __entry->starthist ? "start" : "stop")
+);
+#endif
+
+#endif /* _TRACE_HIST_H */
+
+/* This part must be outside protection */
+#include <trace/define_trace.h>
Index: linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/include/trace/events/latency_hist.h
===================================================================
--- /dev/null
+++ linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/include/trace/events/latency_hist.h
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+#ifndef _LATENCY_HIST_H
+#define _LATENCY_HIST_H
+
+enum hist_action {
+ IRQS_ON,
+ PREEMPT_ON,
+ TRACE_STOP,
+ IRQS_OFF,
+ PREEMPT_OFF,
+ TRACE_START,
+};
+
+static char *actions[] = {
+ "IRQS_ON",
+ "PREEMPT_ON",
+ "TRACE_STOP",
+ "IRQS_OFF",
+ "PREEMPT_OFF",
+ "TRACE_START",
+};
+
+static inline char *getaction(int action)
+{
+ if (action >= 0 && action <= sizeof(actions)/sizeof(actions[0]))
+ return(actions[action]);
+ return("unknown");
+}
+
+#endif /* _LATENCY_HIST_H */
+
Index: linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/include/linux/sched.h
===================================================================
--- linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1.orig/include/linux/sched.h
+++ linux-2.6.31-rc9-rt9.1/include/linux/sched.h
@@ -1969,6 +1969,7 @@ extern int sched_setscheduler_nocheck(st
extern struct task_struct *idle_task(int cpu);
extern struct task_struct *curr_task(int cpu);
extern void set_curr_task(int cpu, struct task_struct *p);
+extern struct task_struct *rq_curr(struct rq *rq);
void yield(void);
void __yield(void);
--
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