Hi, all In net/rds/rdma.c (https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git/tree/net/rds/rdma.c?h=v5.5.3#n419), there may be a race condition between rds_rdma_unuse() and rds_free_mr(). It seems that this one need some specific devices to run test, unfortunately, I don't have any of these. I've already sent two emails to the maintainer for help, no response yet, (the email address may not be in use). 0) in rds_recv_incoming_exthdrs(), it calls rds_rdma_unuse() when receive an extension header with force=0, if the victim mr does not have RDS_RDMA_USE_ONCE flag set, then the mr would stay in the rbtree. Without any lock, it tries to call mr->r_trans->sync_mr(). 1) in rds_free_mr(), the same mr is found, and then freed. The mr->r_refcount doesn't change while rds_mr_tree_walk(). 0) back in rds_rdma_unuse(), the victim mr get used again, call mr->r_trans->sync_mr(). Could this race condition actually happen? Thank you.