Hi Jerome > Now inside that page table you can point GPU virtual address > to use GPU memory or use system memory. Those system memory entry can > also be mark as ATS against a given PASID. Thanks. This all makes sense. But do you have examples of this in a kernel driver (if so can you point me too it) or is this all done via user-space? Based on my grepping of the kernel code I see zero EP drivers using in-kernel ATS functionality right now... Stephen ��.n��������+%������w��{.n�����{���fk��ܨ}���Ơz�j:+v�����w����ޙ��&�)ߡ�a����z�ޗ���ݢj��w�f