Hello Leon, > > I'm not fully understand the lockdep here. We use down_read(), which is > reentry safe. > Really? To my knowledge, though down_read() itself will not trigger locking errors. But below scenario will lead to deadlock, and that's why this WARNING is raised. CPU0 CPU1 ---- ---- down_read()[1] down_write()[2] down_read()[3] If CPU1 thread not exists, the CPU0 will run smoothly (However, it will keep looping and the PoC cannot be killed by any signal, causing Denial-of-Service). When CPU1 calls down_write(), it will wait for [1] to be released. However, when [3] is called, it will then wait for [2] to be released, leading to a deadlock situation. Please let me know if I understand this correctly or incorrectly? Thanks, Lin