On Wed, Mar 04, 2020 at 07:48:54AM -0800, Jacob Pan wrote: > For emulated VT-d IOMMU, GIOVA can also be build as first level page > tables then pass to the host IOMMU to bind. There is no need to shadow > in this case, pIOMMU will do nested translation and walk guest page > tables. Right, but that requires hardware support. A pure software emulation of VT-d requires the full shadow of the guest io-page-table. > I thought we have the universal device properties to abstract DT and > ACPI (via _DSD). Is that an option? I don't know whether this was considered, Jean-Philippe? Regards, Joerg