Signed-off-by: Rajat Jain <rajatxjain@xxxxxxxxx> Signed-off-by: Rajat Jain <rajatjain@xxxxxxxxxxx> Signed-off-by: Guenter Roeck <groeck@xxxxxxxxxxx> --- Documentation/PCI/pex8xxx_i2c.txt | 134 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 134 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/PCI/pex8xxx_i2c.txt diff --git a/Documentation/PCI/pex8xxx_i2c.txt b/Documentation/PCI/pex8xxx_i2c.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9195242 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/PCI/pex8xxx_i2c.txt @@ -0,0 +1,134 @@ +================================================================================ + The PEX8xxx I2C Interface driver + + Rajat Jain <rajatjain@xxxxxxxxxxx> - Sep 2014 +================================================================================ + +0. Why have an I2C interface to a PCIe switch? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +Other than the regular PCI express interface, most modern PCIe switches (e.g. +from IDT and PLX) have an I2C based secondary interface. This interface allows +access to all the registers of the switch. Some of these registers may not even +be accessible over the regular PCI interface. Also, there are certain registers +that can be written to, using only the I2C interface and may only be read-only +using the PCI interface. + +This I2C interface is often used in designs involving these switches, and can +be used for a variety of use cases where the switch needs to be configured +independent of the PCI subsystem (and likely before PCI enumeration). Some +examples: + +* Dividing a PCIe switch into multiple "virtual" switches. Using this feature, + a switch could be connected to 2 root ports for instance, each managing its + own PCI hierarchy, and the traffic from one virtual switch does not leak into + another. + +* Managing Transparent / Non-transparent bridging, and changing them on-the-fly. + There are ports that can be converted into "Non-transparent" bridge ports. + Essentially this is used to create different domains (not visible to + software). In a dynamic distributed system, it may be desirable to change a + transparent bridge to non-transparent or vice versa, for example, to handle a + failover situation. + +* Buggy hardware / Bad EEPROM configuration. There may be cases where an errata + involving register writes need to be applied before enumerating over PCI. + Also these switches are typically attached to an EEPROM that is supposed to + initialize the switch. If that EEPROM is not present, or contains bad + initialization data, this I2C interface can be used to fix that. + +* Changing switch configuration on the fly. In a multi-homed or complex + distributed systemsystem, there may be a need to change the switch + configuration (eg. change the upstream port, or the port or lane + configuration etc) to address run time scenarios (CPU plug out etc). + +1. What devices does this driver support? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +PEX8xxx represents a family of PCI Express switches from the vendor PLX. +(http://www.plxtech.com/products/expresslane/switches). Currently this driver +supports the following PLX switch devices: +PEX8614 +PEX8618 +PEX8713 + +2. What does this "PEX8xxx I2C Interface driver" do? +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +This driver is an I2C client driver that allows talking to the said PEX8XXX +PCIe switches over the I2C interface. In a nutshell, it currently provides: + +* API calls to read / write the PEX8xxx switch device. +* A sysfs interface, to read / write the PEX8xxx switch device. + +The API calls are self explanatory (all reads / writes are 32 bit wide, but +the argument "byte_mask" can be used to selectively mask out the bytes): + +int pex8xxx_read(struct i2c_client *client, u8 stn, u8 mode, u8 byte_mask, + u8 port, u32 reg, u32 *val); +int pex8xxx_write(struct i2c_client *client, u8 stn, u8 mode, u8 byte_mask, + u8 port, u32 reg, u32 val) + +The arguments correspond to the arguments as described in the Chapter 7 +"I2C/SMBus Slave Interface Operation" of the all the switch datasheets. +http://www.plxtech.com/products/expresslane/pex8614#technicaldocumentation +http://www.plxtech.com/products/expresslane/pex8618#technicaldocumentation +http://www.plxtech.com/products/expresslane/pex8713#technicaldocumentation + +The sysfs interface is described in the next section. + +3. The PEX8xxx I2C driver sysfs Interface +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +The sysfs interface allows to read / write / dump the registers of any given +port of the pex8xxx switch. Note that all reads / writes are 32 bit wide. For +all pex8xxx devices, the following sysfs attributes are provided by this driver +in the directory /sys/bus/i2c/drivers/pex8xxx/<i2c-client-device>/ + +* "port_num" (RW) - The port number whose registers are to be read / written. +* "reg_addr" (RW) - The register offset (within the port register space) that + is to be read / written. +* "reg_value"(RW) - When read, it gives the value of the register at offset + "reg_addr" in the port "port_num" of the switch. When + written, it writes the value to the same register. +* "port_config_regs" (RO) - A binary dump of the 4KB register address space of + the port "port_num". + +In addition, some devices (currently PEX8713) support and require additional +parameters, and hence these will appear for PEX8713 only currently: + +* "port_mode" (RW) - Denotes the port mode to use to talk to the switch. Valid + values are: "transparent" / "nt-link" / "nt-virtual" / + "dma". +* "port_stn" (RW) - Port Station number. + +Note all the attributes preserve their value unless explicitly changed. Thus if +port_num is set to 5, then all subsequent reads / writes will be directed to +that port unless the port_num attribute is explicitly changed. + +4. Examples using sysfs interface +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + +* Instantiate the device (refer "Documentation/i2c/instantiating-devices"). + Valid strings of device names for this driver are "pex8614", "pex8618" and + "pex8713". + Example (pex8614 at I2C address 0x38 on I2C bus 55): + echo pex8614 0x38 > /sys/bus/i2c/devices/i2c-55/new_device + +* Verify if device was instantiated: + cd /sys/bus/i2c/drivers/pex8xxx/55-0038 + cat name (should give pex8614) + +* Dump all registers of port number 4: + echo 4 > port_num + od -x port_config_regs + +* Get register values at offsets 0x230, 0x234, 0x238 of port number 1: + echo 1 > port_num + echo 0x230 > reg_addr + cat reg_value + echo 0x234 > reg_addr + cat reg_value + echo 0x238 > reg_addr + cat reg_value + +* Write value 0x101 at offset 0x530 of port number 5: + echo 5 > port_num + echo 0x530 > reg_addr + echo 0x101 > reg_value -- 1.7.9.5 -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-pci" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html
