On Thu, Dec 05 2024 at 09:56, Frank Li wrote: > On Thu, Dec 05, 2024 at 02:10:55PM +0100, Thomas Gleixner wrote: >> You want a MSI_FLAG_MSG_IMMUTABLE and set that on the domains which >> provide it. That way you ensure that someone looked at the domain to >> validate it. > > Okay, at beginning I think most MSI controller is immutable. So I use > MSI_FLAG_MSG_MUTABLE. If you want to do that then _you_ have to go through every single interrupt controllers, validate and opt-out in case it does change the message. Otherwise that flag is completely pointless. Instead of adding the IMMUTABLE flag for one controller you know and then let others who want to utilize this amend their controllers. Opt-in is less work and more safe than opt-out. See? Thanks, tglx