Hi Jason, sorry for the late reply. I had some email issues and am still recovering from the backlog. On Fri, Mar 31, 2023 at 10:20:37AM +0800, Jason Adriaanse wrote: > Hi Christoph and Robin, > > Christoph - I would like to send you more dmesg information but as my boot > device cannot be detected that information is not being written to disk. Is > there any way to specifically write boot debug information to say a USB > device with some kernel parameters? I don't know of any good way. pstore has some ways to save kernel messages, but it doesn't work to well with normal block devices in case of crashes. I'm a bit lost at the moment. Two ideas I have, would be to 1) boot with the intel_iommu=off kernel command line 3) build a kernel with CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU and see if that works and report the dmesg.