On Tue, Feb 21, 2023 at 09:46:24AM -0600, Bjorn Helgaas wrote: > It's weird to me that the SMMU is between PCI and memory, but the > driver seems to insert itself in the middle after PCI enumeration. > And maybe even after some PCI device driver binding? No this shouldn't happen, because device drivers expect DMA to be operational in their probe() function, so at that point the IOMMU must be configured. The core and IOMMU subsystems enforce probe dependency between the SMMU and the PCI device, using links described by ACPI or device tree. Thanks, Jean