Hi Paul, > On a PowerEdge T440/021KCD, BIOS 2.11.2 04/22/2021, Linux 5.10.70 takes > almost five seconds to initialize PCI. According to the timestamps, 1.5 s > are from assigning the PCI devices to the 142 IOMMU groups. [...] > Is there anything that could be done to reduce the time? I am curious - why is this a problem? Are you power-cycling your servers so often to the point where the cumulative time spent in enumerating PCI devices and adding them later to IOMMU groups is a problem? I am simply wondering why you decided to signal out the PCI enumeration as slow in particular, especially given that a large server hardware tends to have (most of the time, as per my experience) rather long initialisation time either from being powered off or after being power cycled. I can take a while before the actual operating system itself will start. We talked about this briefly with Bjorn, and there might be an option to perhaps add some caching, as we suspect that the culprit here is doing PCI configuration space read for each device, which can be slow on some platforms. However, we would need to profile this to get some quantitative data to see whether doing anything would even be worthwhile. It would definitely help us understand better where the bottlenecks really are and of what magnitude. I personally don't have access to such a large hardware like the one you have access to, thus I was wondering whether you would have some time, and be willing, to profile this for us on the hardware you have. Let me know what do you think? Krzysztof
