On Fri, Jun 11, 2021 at 11:33:15PM +0800, Claire Chang wrote: > I'm not sure if this would break arch/x86/pci/sta2x11-fixup.c > swiotlb_late_init_with_default_size is called here > https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/v5.13-rc5/source/arch/x86/pci/sta2x11-fixup.c#L60 It will. It will also break all non-OF devices. I think you need to initialize the initial pool in device_initialize, which covers all devices.