Hello, made some progress. Mostly detail optimizations on HCRX and EG, and a bit more substance on the FX4: - ROPs, cursor sprite colours, 24bit etc. work now - both the kernel driver and xorg now abuse the back buffer as off-screen storage, since unlike HCRX we can set source and destination buffers separately on FX - kernel and Xorg both use the hardware to draw anti-aliased characters ( the FX4 supports *some* alpha blending, more on that further down ) - image up- and downloads now use hardware assistance - framebuffer reads are *much* faster when you tell the memory controller in which direction you're going to read Still a work in progress, EXA makes a lot of assumptions that aren't true on these cards. Now for alpha blending. By the look of it HP implemented just what they need to draw anti-aliased lines and edges. There is: - no framebuffer storage - alpha in 32bit colour always reads zero - only a few blend modes are implemented, all using only source alpha ( destination would read zero anyway ) What we can do with that is: - vram-to-vram blits with constant alpha - rectangle fills with constant alpha ( not too useful... ) - host-to-vram blits with per pixel alpha The latter lets us do PictOpOver and maybe a few others as long as the source is in main memory and the destination in video memory. Certainly enough to draw anti-aliased characters, which is what my drivers are doing so far. I strongly suspect that HCRX can do this too, unfortunately I don't even have a hint of a clue on how to do that. As for FX5 and 10 - attribute handling on those seems to be substantially different from FX2/4/6 :/ This is still NetBSD only, but may be useful as hardware documentation in case anyone wants to update the linux drivers, and I'd happily assist with that. have fun Michael