Hi Vyacheslav, > But I suppose that eMMC or SSD will do re-assignment of bad logical > sector into valid physical page on write operation. And I am not sure > that bad sector will be re-assigned on write operation for HDD case. Modern (SMART-capable) HDDs behave exactly the same - they have spare sectors and remap bad sectors when writing them. I "fixed" a laptop HDD once, which had a head-crash at the place where ext4's journal was located - a simple overwrite with dd fixed the drive. Best regards, Clemens -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-nilfs" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html