On Mon, 2020-11-02 at 14:45 -0500, David Wysochanski wrote:
> On Mon, Nov 2, 2020 at 12:31 PM Trond Myklebust <
> trondmy@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> >
> > On Mon, 2020-11-02 at 11:26 -0500, David Wysochanski wrote:
> > > On Mon, Nov 2, 2020 at 11:22 AM Trond Myklebust <
> > > trondmy@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote:
> > > >
> > > > On Mon, 2020-11-02 at 08:50 -0500, Dave Wysochanski wrote:
> > > > > A process can hang forever to 'ls -l' a directory while the
> > > > > directory
> > > > > is being modified such as another NFS client adding files to
> > > > > the
> > > > > directory. The problem is seen specifically with larger
> > > > > directories
> > > > > (I tested with 1 million) and/or slower NFS server responses
> > > > > to
> > > > > READDIR. If a combination of the NFS directory size, the NFS
> > > > > server
> > > > > responses to READDIR is such that the 'ls' process gets
> > > > > partially
> > > > > through the listing before the attribute cache expires (time
> > > > > exceeds acdirmax), we drop the pagecache and have to re-fill
> > > > > it,
> > > > > and as a result, the process may never complete. One could
> > > > > argue
> > > > > for larger directories the acdirmin/acdirmax should be
> > > > > increased,
> > > > > but it's not always possible to tune this effectively.
> > > > >
> > > > > The root cause of this problem is due to how the NFS readdir
> > > > > cache
> > > > > currently works. The main search function,
> > > > > readdir_search_pagecache(),
> > > > > always starts searching at page_index and cookie == 0, and
> > > > > for
> > > > > any
> > > > > page not in the cache, fills in the page with entries
> > > > > obtained in
> > > > > a READDIR NFS call. If a page already exists, we proceed to
> > > > > nfs_readdir_search_for_cookie(), which searches for the
> > > > > cookie
> > > > > (pos) of the readdir call. The search is O(n), where n is
> > > > > the
> > > > > directory size before the cookie in question is found, and
> > > > > every
> > > > > entry to nfs_readdir() pays this penalty, irrespective of the
> > > > > current directory position (dir_context.pos). The search is
> > > > > expensive due to the opaque nature of readdir cookies, and
> > > > > the
> > > > > fact
> > > > > that no mapping (hash) exists from cookies to pages. In the
> > > > > case
> > > > > of a directory being modified, the above behavior can become
> > > > > an
> > > > > excessive penalty, since the same process is forced to fill
> > > > > pages
> > > > > it
> > > > > may be no longer interested in (the entries were passed in a
> > > > > previous
> > > > > nfs_readdir call), and this can essentially lead no forward
> > > > > progress.
> > > > >
> > > > > To fix this problem, at the end of nfs_readdir(), save the
> > > > > page_index
> > > > > corresponding to the directory position (cookie) inside the
> > > > > process's
> > > > > nfs_open_dir_context. Then at the next entry of
> > > > > nfs_readdir(),
> > > > > use
> > > > > the saved page_index as the starting search point rather than
> > > > > starting
> > > > > at page_index == 0. Not only does this fix the problem of
> > > > > listing
> > > > > a directory being modified, it also significantly improves
> > > > > performance
> > > > > in the unmodified case since no extra search penalty is paid
> > > > > at
> > > > > each
> > > > > entry to nfs_readdir().
> > > > >
> > > > > In the case of lseek, since there is no hash or other mapping
> > > > > from a
> > > > > cookie value to the page->index, just reset
> > > > > nfs_open_dir_context.page_index
> > > > > to 0, which will reset the search to the old behavior.
> > > > >
> > > > > Signed-off-by: Dave Wysochanski <dwysocha@xxxxxxxxxx>
> > > > > ---
> > > > > fs/nfs/dir.c | 8 +++++++-
> > > > > include/linux/nfs_fs.h | 1 +
> > > > > 2 files changed, 8 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
> > > > >
> > > > > diff --git a/fs/nfs/dir.c b/fs/nfs/dir.c
> > > > > index 52e06c8fc7cd..b266f505b521 100644
> > > > > --- a/fs/nfs/dir.c
> > > > > +++ b/fs/nfs/dir.c
> > > > > @@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ static struct nfs_open_dir_context
> > > > > *alloc_nfs_open_dir_context(struct inode *dir
> > > > > ctx->attr_gencount = nfsi->attr_gencount;
> > > > > ctx->dir_cookie = 0;
> > > > > ctx->dup_cookie = 0;
> > > > > + ctx->page_index = 0;
> > > > > ctx->cred = get_cred(cred);
> > > > > spin_lock(&dir->i_lock);
> > > > > if (list_empty(&nfsi->open_files) &&
> > > > > @@ -763,7 +764,7 @@ int
> > > > > find_and_lock_cache_page(nfs_readdir_descriptor_t *desc)
> > > > > return res;
> > > > > }
> > > > >
> > > > > -/* Search for desc->dir_cookie from the beginning of the
> > > > > page
> > > > > cache
> > > > > */
> > > > > +/* Search for desc->dir_cookie starting at desc->page_index
> > > > > */
> > > > > static inline
> > > > > int readdir_search_pagecache(nfs_readdir_descriptor_t *desc)
> > > > > {
> > > > > @@ -885,6 +886,8 @@ static int nfs_readdir(struct file *file,
> > > > > struct
> > > > > dir_context *ctx)
> > > > > .ctx = ctx,
> > > > > .dir_cookie = &dir_ctx->dir_cookie,
> > > > > .plus = nfs_use_readdirplus(inode, ctx),
> > > > > + .page_index = dir_ctx->page_index,
> > > > > + .last_cookie = nfs_readdir_use_cookie(file) ?
> > > > > ctx-
> > > > > > pos : 0,
> > > > > },
> > > > > *desc = &my_desc;
> > > > > int res = 0;
> > > > > @@ -938,6 +941,7 @@ static int nfs_readdir(struct file *file,
> > > > > struct
> > > > > dir_context *ctx)
> > > > > out:
> > > > > if (res > 0)
> > > > > res = 0;
> > > > > + dir_ctx->page_index = desc->page_index;
> > > > > trace_nfs_readdir_exit(inode, ctx->pos, dir_ctx-
> > > > > > dir_cookie,
> > > > > NFS_SERVER(inode)->dtsize,
> > > > > my_desc.plus, res);
> > > > > return res;
> > > > > @@ -975,6 +979,8 @@ static loff_t nfs_llseek_dir(struct file
> > > > > *filp,
> > > > > loff_t offset, int whence)
> > > > > else
> > > > > dir_ctx->dir_cookie = 0;
> > > > > dir_ctx->duped = 0;
> > > > > + /* Force readdir_search_pagecache to start
> > > > > over
> > > > > */
> > > > > + dir_ctx->page_index = 0;
> > > > > }
> > > > > inode_unlock(inode);
> > > > > return offset;
> > > > > diff --git a/include/linux/nfs_fs.h b/include/linux/nfs_fs.h
> > > > > index a2c6455ea3fa..0e55c0154ccd 100644
> > > > > --- a/include/linux/nfs_fs.h
> > > > > +++ b/include/linux/nfs_fs.h
> > > > > @@ -93,6 +93,7 @@ struct nfs_open_dir_context {
> > > > > __u64 dir_cookie;
> > > > > __u64 dup_cookie;
> > > > > signed char duped;
> > > > > + unsigned long page_index;
> > > > > };
> > > > >
> > > > > /*
> > > >
> > > > NACK. It makes no sense to store the page index as a cursor.
> > > >
> > >
> > > A similar thing was done recently with:
> > > 227823d2074d nfs: optimise readdir cache page invalidation
> > >
> >
> > That's a very different thing. It is about discarding page data in
> > order to force a re-read of the contents into cache.
> >
> Right - I only pointed it out because it is in effect a cursor about
> the last access into the cache but it's on a global basis, not
> process context.
>
> > What you're doing is basically trying to guess where the data is
> > located. which might work in some cases where the directory is
> > completely static, but if it shrinks (e.g. due to a few unlink() or
> > rename() calls) so that you overshoot the cookie, then you can end
> > up
> > reading all the way to the end of the directory before doing an
> > uncached readdir.
> >
> First, consider the unmodified (idle directory) scenario. Today the
> performance is bad the larger the directory goes - do you see why?
> I tried to explain in the cover letter and header but maybe it's not
> clear?
>
> Second, the modified scenario today the performance is very bad
> because of the same problem - the cookie is reset and the process
> needs to start over at cookie 0, repeating READDIRs. But maybe
> there's a specific scenario I'm not thinking about.
>
> The way I thought about this is that if you're in a heavily modified
> scenario with a large directory and you're past the 'acdirmax' time,
> you have to make the choice of either:
> a) ignoring 'acdirmax' (this is what the NFSv3 patch did) and even
> though you know the cache expired you keep going as though it
> did not (at least until a different process starts a listing)
> b) honoring 'acdirmax' (drop the pagecache), but keep going the
> best you can based on the previous information and don't try to
> rebuild the cache before continuing.
>
> > IOW: This will have a detrimental effect for some workloads, which
> > needs to be weighed up against the benefits. I saw that you've
> > tested
> > with large directories, but what workloads were you testing on
> > those
> > directories?
> >
> I can definitely do further testing and any scenario you want to try
> to
> break it or find a pathological scenario. So far I've tested the
> reader ("ls -lf") in parallel with one of the two writers:
> 1) random add a file every 0.1s:
> while true; do i=$((1 + RANDOM % $NUM_FILES)); echo $i; touch
> $MNT2/file$i.bin; builtin sleep 0.1; done > /dev/null 2>&1 &
> 2) random delete a file every 0.1 s:
> while true; do i=$((1 + RANDOM % $NUM_FILES)); echo $i; rm -f
> $MNT2/file$i; builtin sleep 0.1; done > /dev/null 2>&1 &
>
> In no case did I see it take a longer time or ops vs vanilla 5.9, the
> idle
> and modified performance is better (measured in seconds and ops)
> with this patch. Below is a short summary. Note that the first time
> and
> ops is with an idle directory, and the second one is the modified.
>
> 5.9 (vanilla): random delete a file every 0.1 s:
> Ops increased from 4734 to 8834
> Time increased from 23 to 44
>
> 5.9 (this patch): random delete a file every 0.1 s:
> Ops increased from 4697 to 4696
> Time increased from 20 to 30
>
>
> 5.9 (vanilla): random add a file every 0.1s:
> Ops increased from 4734 to 9168
> Time increased from 23 to 43
>
> 5.9 (this patch): random add a file every 0.1s:
> Ops increased from 4697 to 4702
> Time increased from 21 to 32
>
If you're not seeing any change in number of ops then those numbers are
basically telling you that you're not seeing any cache invalidation.
You should be seeing cache invalidation when you are creating and
deleting files and are doing simultaneous readdirs.
--
Trond Myklebust
Linux NFS client maintainer, Hammerspace
trond.myklebust@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
