If do not set -O2 to kernel compile option , I will get somw error aue to several symboles is undefined reference to ,for example: in ext3/super.c : undefined reference to `ntohl' I take a lppk at the definition in source code for ntohl, it seems affected by the __OPTIMIZE__ macro , which make this symbole defined as a macro .just like this : #define ntohl(x) ___ntohl(x) But if I do not define __OPTIMIZE__ ,which means I need not any optimization, How can I compile successfully? Is there the corresponding ntohl() function in kernel ? I kave not found that yet. Does this mean I must use __OPTIMIZE__ by -O2 ? thanks! -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-newbie" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.linux-learn.org/faqs