hi:) In initrd.img ,there are some directory and files which is needed at booting time. etc /etc /dev /sbin and so on . After use of initrd , its memory will be free , then ,The root device will be certainly mounted at root directory . Does the root device have files or directories which have the same name with some files in intrd.img ? etc /etc /dev /sbin . are there duplicatea of files in initrd.img thanks! -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-newbie" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.linux-learn.org/faqs