Hi All, For x86, in arch/x86/kernel/head_32.S, for Initializing page tables, why mapping beyond end by "MAPPING_BEYOND_END": /* * End condition: we must map up to the end + MAPPING_BEYOND_END. */ movl $pa(_end) + MAPPING_BEYOND_END + PTE_IDENT_ATTR, %ebp cmpl %ebp,%eax jb 10b According vmlinux.lds.S, the paging table is between __brk_base and _end. So why map MAPPING_BEYOND_END after _end ? Regards, Jacky -- To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-newbie" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.linux-learn.org/faqs