Hi, I plugged a callback function into netfilter at the hook point of NF_IP_PRE_ROUTING, tring to capture all the packets, make some changes to some of them, and invoke skb->dev->hard_start_xmit to send them out directly. However, the kernel crashed before I could get any printked information. If you have any idea of how to send the received packets out, please tell me. Thank you in advance. Best regards, Gu, Xinxing - : send the line "unsubscribe linux-net" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html