i got one such message: KERNEL: assertion (!atomic_read(&sk->sk_rmem_alloc)) failed at net/netlink/af_netlink.c (126) this was on a box that is DSL connected and thus gets lots of trash packets over the wire. It is running -RT ontop of 2.6.12-rc1, and got this message after 2 days of uptime. There was no apparent bad side-effect after this happened - no crash, no hung applications, no hung connections, the box is still up and running fine. The message is not reproducible, unfortunately. Never saw this message with 2.6.11-ish kernels on the same box. since the locking is so different under PREEMPT_RT it may very well be caused by PREEMPT_RT itself - but it could also be some real bug that only triggers under PREEMPT_RT. Based on current bug trends i'd say the likelyhood is 70% for this to be a genuine upstream bug, and 30% for this to be a PREEMPT_RT artifact. (These days most PREEMPT_RT artifacts get detected by PREEMPT_RT's own debugging features - and all of them were enabled on this box. Due to its preemption model, PREEMPT_RT is pretty good at catching races that are near-impossible to trigger on the stock kernel. It already caught more than a dozen such upstream races in various kernel subsystems.) Ingo - : send the line "unsubscribe linux-net" in the body of a message to majordomo@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html