This may be a stupid question, but why does the sock->state only hold the shift of the state? Why doesn't it just hold the state so that you don't have to do all the bit shifts in the code? Chuck - : send the line "unsubscribe linux-net" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html