The information in /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner includes the migratetype of
the pageblock the page belongs to. This is also checked against the page's
migratetype (as declared by gfp_flags during its allocation), and the page is
reported as Fallback if its migratetype differs from the pageblock's one.
t
This is somewhat misleading because in fact fallback allocation is not the only
reason why these two can differ. It also doesn't direcly provide the page's
migratetype, although it's possible to derive that from the gfp_flags.
It's arguably better to print both page and pageblock's migratetype and leave
the interpretation to the consumer than to suggest fallback allocation as the
only possible reason. While at it, we can print the migratetypes as string
the same way as /proc/pagetypeinfo does, as some of the numeric values depend
on kernel configuration. For that, this patch moves the migratetype_names
array from #ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS part of mm/vmstat.c to mm/page_alloc.c and
exports it.
With the new format strings for flags, we can now also provide symbolic page
and gfp flags in the /sys/kernel/debug/page_owner file. This replaces the
positional printing of page flags as single letters, which might have looked
nicer, but was limited to a subset of flags, and required the user to remember
the letters.
Example page_owner entry after the patch:
Page allocated via order 0, mask 0x24213ca(GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE|GFP_COLD|GFP_NOWARN|GFP_NORETRY)
PFN 674308 type Movable Block 1317 type Movable Flags 0x1fffff80010068(uptodate|lru|active|mappedtodisk)
[<ffffffff81164e9a>] __alloc_pages_nodemask+0x15a/0xa30
[<ffffffff811ab938>] alloc_pages_current+0x88/0x120
[<ffffffff8115bc46>] __page_cache_alloc+0xe6/0x120
[<ffffffff81168b9b>] __do_page_cache_readahead+0xdb/0x200
[<ffffffff81168df5>] ondemand_readahead+0x135/0x260
[<ffffffff81168f8c>] page_cache_async_readahead+0x6c/0x70
[<ffffffff8115d5f8>] generic_file_read_iter+0x378/0x590
[<ffffffff811d12a7>] __vfs_read+0xa7/0xd0
Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Joonsoo Kim <iamjoonsoo.kim@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Sasha Levin <sasha.levin@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@xxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/mmzone.h | 3 +++
mm/page_alloc.c | 13 +++++++++++++
mm/page_owner.c | 24 +++++++-----------------
mm/vmstat.c | 13 -------------
4 files changed, 23 insertions(+), 30 deletions(-)
diff --git a/include/linux/mmzone.h b/include/linux/mmzone.h
index 33bb1b19273e..68cc063bf0b7 100644
--- a/include/linux/mmzone.h
+++ b/include/linux/mmzone.h
@@ -63,6 +63,9 @@ enum {
MIGRATE_TYPES
};
+/* In mm/page_alloc.c; keep in sync also with show_migration_types() there */
+extern char * const migratetype_names[MIGRATE_TYPES];
+
#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
# define is_migrate_cma(migratetype) unlikely((migratetype) == MIGRATE_CMA)
#else
diff --git a/mm/page_alloc.c b/mm/page_alloc.c
index 08e514721a57..67538b58e478 100644
--- a/mm/page_alloc.c
+++ b/mm/page_alloc.c
@@ -222,6 +222,19 @@ static char * const zone_names[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {
#endif
};
+char * const migratetype_names[MIGRATE_TYPES] = {
+ "Unmovable",
+ "Movable",
+ "Reclaimable",
+ "HighAtomic",
+#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
+ "CMA",
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION
+ "Isolate",
+#endif
+};
+
compound_page_dtor * const compound_page_dtors[] = {
NULL,
free_compound_page,
diff --git a/mm/page_owner.c b/mm/page_owner.c
index 983c3a10fa07..5392195fca61 100644
--- a/mm/page_owner.c
+++ b/mm/page_owner.c
@@ -100,8 +100,9 @@ print_page_owner(char __user *buf, size_t count, unsigned long pfn,
return -ENOMEM;
ret = snprintf(kbuf, count,
- "Page allocated via order %u, mask 0x%x\n",
- page_ext->order, page_ext->gfp_mask);
+ "Page allocated via order %u, mask %#x(%pgg)\n",
+ page_ext->order, page_ext->gfp_mask,
+ &page_ext->gfp_mask);
if (ret >= count)
goto err;
@@ -110,23 +111,12 @@ print_page_owner(char __user *buf, size_t count, unsigned long pfn,
pageblock_mt = get_pfnblock_migratetype(page, pfn);
page_mt = gfpflags_to_migratetype(page_ext->gfp_mask);
ret += snprintf(kbuf + ret, count - ret,
- "PFN %lu Block %lu type %d %s Flags %s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s%s\n",
+ "PFN %lu type %s Block %lu type %s Flags %#lx(%pgp)\n",
pfn,
+ migratetype_names[page_mt],
pfn >> pageblock_order,
- pageblock_mt,
- pageblock_mt != page_mt ? "Fallback" : " ",
- PageLocked(page) ? "K" : " ",
- PageError(page) ? "E" : " ",
- PageReferenced(page) ? "R" : " ",
- PageUptodate(page) ? "U" : " ",
- PageDirty(page) ? "D" : " ",
- PageLRU(page) ? "L" : " ",
- PageActive(page) ? "A" : " ",
- PageSlab(page) ? "S" : " ",
- PageWriteback(page) ? "W" : " ",
- PageCompound(page) ? "C" : " ",
- PageSwapCache(page) ? "B" : " ",
- PageMappedToDisk(page) ? "M" : " ");
+ migratetype_names[pageblock_mt],
+ page->flags, &page->flags);
if (ret >= count)
goto err;
diff --git a/mm/vmstat.c b/mm/vmstat.c
index dfe7315f2db6..475d154411f0 100644
--- a/mm/vmstat.c
+++ b/mm/vmstat.c
@@ -924,19 +924,6 @@ static void walk_zones_in_node(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
-static char * const migratetype_names[MIGRATE_TYPES] = {
- "Unmovable",
- "Movable",
- "Reclaimable",
- "HighAtomic",
-#ifdef CONFIG_CMA
- "CMA",
-#endif
-#ifdef CONFIG_MEMORY_ISOLATION
- "Isolate",
-#endif
-};
-
static void frag_show_print(struct seq_file *m, pg_data_t *pgdat,
struct zone *zone)
{
--
2.6.3
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