On 01/11/2013 07:31 PM, paul.szabo@xxxxxxxxxxxxx wrote: > Seems that any i386 PAE machine will go OOM just by running a few > processes. To reproduce: > sh -c 'n=0; while [ $n -lt 19999 ]; do sleep 600 & ((n=n+1)); done' > My machine has 64GB RAM. With previous OOM episodes, it seemed that > running (booting) it with mem=32G might avoid OOM; but an OOM was > obtained just the same, and also with lower memory: > Memory sleeps to OOM free shows total > (mem=64G) 5300 64447796 > mem=32G 10200 31155512 > mem=16G 13400 14509364 > mem=8G 14200 6186296 > mem=6G 15200 4105532 > mem=4G 16400 2041364 > The machine does not run out of highmem, nor does it use any swap. I think what you're seeing here is that, as the amount of total memory increases, the amount of lowmem available _decreases_ due to inflation of mem_map[] (and a few other more minor things). The number of sleeps you can do is bound by the number of processes, as you noticed from ulimit. Creating processes that don't use much memory eats a relatively large amount of low memory. This is a sad (and counterintuitive) fact: more RAM actually *CREATES* RAM bottlenecks on 32-bit systems. > On my large machine, 'free' fails to show about 2GB memory, e.g. with > mem=16G it shows: > > root@zeno:~# free -l > total used free shared buffers cached > Mem: 14509364 435440 14073924 0 4068 111328 > Low: 769044 120232 648812 > High: 13740320 315208 13425112 > -/+ buffers/cache: 320044 14189320 > Swap: 134217724 0 134217724 You probably have a memory hole. mem=16G means "give me all the memory below the physical address at 16GB". It does *NOT* mean, "give me enough memory such that 'free' will show ~16G available." If you have a 1.5GB hole below 16GB, and you do mem=16G, you'll end up with ~14.5GB available. The e820 map (during early boot in dmesg) or /proc/iomem will let you locate your memory holes. -- To unsubscribe, send a message with 'unsubscribe linux-mm' in the body to majordomo@xxxxxxxxx. For more info on Linux MM, see: http://www.linux-mm.org/ . Don't email: <a href=mailto:"dont@xxxxxxxxx";> email@xxxxxxxxx </a>