From: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@xxxxxxxx>
In a memcg where mTHP is always utilized, even at full capacity, it
might not be the best option. Consider a system that uses only small
folios: after each reclamation, a process has at least SWAP_CLUSTER_MAX
of buffer space before it can initiate the next reclamation. However,
large folios can quickly fill this space, rapidly bringing the memcg
back to full capacity, even though some portions of the large folios
may not be immediately needed and used by the process.
Usama and Kanchana identified a regression when building the kernel in
a memcg with memory.max set to a small value while enabling large
folio swap-in support on zswap[1].
The issue arises from an edge case where the memory cgroup remains
nearly full most of the time. Consequently, bringing in mTHP can
quickly cause a memcg overflow, triggering a swap-out. The subsequent
swap-in then recreates the overflow, resulting in a repetitive cycle.
We need a mechanism to stop the cup from overflowing continuously.
One potential solution is to slow the filling process when we identify
that the cup is nearly full.
Usama reported an improvement when we mitigate mTHP swap-in as the
memcg approaches full capacity[2]:
int mem_cgroup_swapin_charge_folio(...)
{
...
if (folio_test_large(folio) &&
mem_cgroup_margin(memcg) < max(MEMCG_CHARGE_BATCH, folio_nr_pages(folio)))
ret = -ENOMEM;
else
ret = charge_memcg(folio, memcg, gfp);
...
}
AMD 16K+32K THP=always
metric mm-unstable mm-unstable + large folio zswapin series mm-unstable + large folio zswapin + no swap thrashing fix
real 1m23.038s 1m23.050s 1m22.704s
user 53m57.210s 53m53.437s 53m52.577s
sys 7m24.592s 7m48.843s 7m22.519s
zswpin 612070 999244 815934
zswpout 2226403 2347979 2054980
pgfault 20667366 20481728 20478690
pgmajfault 385887 269117 309702
AMD 16K+32K+64K THP=always
metric mm-unstable mm-unstable + large folio zswapin series mm-unstable + large folio zswapin + no swap thrashing fix
real 1m22.975s 1m23.266s 1m22.549s
user 53m51.302s 53m51.069s 53m46.471s
sys 7m40.168s 7m57.104s 7m25.012s
zswpin 676492 1258573 1225703
zswpout 2449839 2714767 2899178
pgfault 17540746 17296555 17234663
pgmajfault 429629 307495 287859
I wonder if we can extend the mitigation to do_anonymous_page() as
well. Without hardware like AMD and ARM with hardware TLB coalescing
or CONT-PTE, I conducted a quick test on my Intel i9 workstation with
10 cores and 2 threads. I enabled one 12 GiB zRAM while running kernel
builds in a memcg with memory.max set to 1 GiB.
$ echo always > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepages-64kB/enabled
$ echo always > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepages-32kB/enabled
$ echo always > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepages-16kB/enabled
$ echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/hugepages-2048kB/enabled
$ time systemd-run --scope -p MemoryMax=1G make ARCH=arm64 \
CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu- Image -10 1>/dev/null 2>/dev/null
disable-mTHP-swapin mm-unstable with-this-patch
Real: 6m54.595s 7m4.832s 6m45.811s
User: 66m42.795s 66m59.984s 67m21.150s
Sys: 12m7.092s 15m18.153s 12m52.644s
pswpin: 4262327 11723248 5918690
pswpout: 14883774 19574347 14026942
64k-swpout: 624447 889384 480039
32k-swpout: 115473 242288 73874
16k-swpout: 158203 294672 109142
64k-swpin: 0 495869 159061
32k-swpin: 0 219977 56158
16k-swpin: 0 223501 81445
I need Usama's assistance to identify a suitable patch, as I lack
access to hardware such as AMD machines and ARM servers with TLB
optimization.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/b1c17b5e-acd9-4bef-820e-699768f1426d@xxxxxxxxx/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/all/7a14c332-3001-4b9a-ada3-f4d6799be555@xxxxxxxxx/
Cc: Kanchana P Sridhar <kanchana.p.sridhar@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Chris Li <chrisl@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Kairui Song <kasong@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Ryan Roberts <ryan.roberts@xxxxxxx>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@xxxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@xxxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@xxxxxxxxx>
Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@xxxxxxxxx>
Signed-off-by: Barry Song <v-songbaohua@xxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/memcontrol.h | 9 ++++++++
mm/memcontrol.c | 45 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
mm/memory.c | 17 ++++++++++++++
3 files changed, 71 insertions(+)
diff --git a/include/linux/memcontrol.h b/include/linux/memcontrol.h
index 524006313b0d..8bcc8f4af39f 100644
--- a/include/linux/memcontrol.h
+++ b/include/linux/memcontrol.h
@@ -697,6 +697,9 @@ static inline int mem_cgroup_charge(struct folio *folio, struct mm_struct *mm,
int mem_cgroup_hugetlb_try_charge(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t gfp,
long nr_pages);
+int mem_cgroup_precharge_large_folio(struct mm_struct *mm,
+ swp_entry_t *entry);
+
int mem_cgroup_swapin_charge_folio(struct folio *folio, struct mm_struct *mm,
gfp_t gfp, swp_entry_t entry);
@@ -1201,6 +1204,12 @@ static inline int mem_cgroup_hugetlb_try_charge(struct mem_cgroup *memcg,
return 0;
}
+static inline int mem_cgroup_precharge_large_folio(struct mm_struct *mm,
+ swp_entry_t *entry)
+{
+ return 0;
+}
+
static inline int mem_cgroup_swapin_charge_folio(struct folio *folio,
struct mm_struct *mm, gfp_t gfp, swp_entry_t entry)
{
diff --git a/mm/memcontrol.c b/mm/memcontrol.c
index 17af08367c68..f3d92b93ea6d 100644
--- a/mm/memcontrol.c
+++ b/mm/memcontrol.c
@@ -4530,6 +4530,51 @@ int mem_cgroup_hugetlb_try_charge(struct mem_cgroup *memcg, gfp_t gfp,
return 0;
}
+static inline bool mem_cgroup_has_margin(struct mem_cgroup *memcg)
+{
+ for (; !mem_cgroup_is_root(memcg); memcg = parent_mem_cgroup(memcg)) {
+ if (mem_cgroup_margin(memcg) < HPAGE_PMD_NR)
+ return false;
+ }
+
+ return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * mem_cgroup_swapin_precharge_large_folio: Precharge large folios.
+ *
+ * @mm: mm context of the victim
+ * @entry: swap entry for which the folio will be allocated
+ *
+ * If we are arriving the edge of an almost full memcg, return error so that
+ * swap-in and anon faults can quickly fall back to small folios to avoid swap
+ * thrashing.
+ *
+ * Returns 0 on success, an error code on failure.
+ */
+int mem_cgroup_precharge_large_folio(struct mm_struct *mm, swp_entry_t *entry)
+{
+ struct mem_cgroup *memcg = NULL;
+ unsigned short id;
+ bool has_margin;
+
+ if (mem_cgroup_disabled())
+ return 0;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ if (entry) {
+ id = lookup_swap_cgroup_id(*entry);
+ memcg = mem_cgroup_from_id(id);
+ }
+ if (!memcg || !css_tryget_online(&memcg->css))
+ memcg = get_mem_cgroup_from_mm(mm);
+ has_margin = mem_cgroup_has_margin(memcg);
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+
+ css_put(&memcg->css);
+ return has_margin ? 0 : -ENOMEM;
+}
+
/**
* mem_cgroup_swapin_charge_folio - Charge a newly allocated folio for swapin.
* @folio: folio to charge.
diff --git a/mm/memory.c b/mm/memory.c
index 0f614523b9f4..96368ba0e8a6 100644
--- a/mm/memory.c
+++ b/mm/memory.c
@@ -4168,6 +4168,16 @@ static struct folio *alloc_swap_folio(struct vm_fault *vmf)
pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl);
+ if (!orders)
+ goto fallback;
+
+ /*
+ * Avoid swapping in large folios when memcg is nearly full, as it
+ * may quickly trigger additional swap-out and swap-in cycles.
+ */
+ if (mem_cgroup_precharge_large_folio(vma->vm_mm, &entry))
+ goto fallback;
+
/* Try allocating the highest of the remaining orders. */
gfp = vma_thp_gfp_mask(vma);
while (orders) {
@@ -4707,6 +4717,13 @@ static struct folio *alloc_anon_folio(struct vm_fault *vmf)
if (!orders)
goto fallback;
+ /*
+ * When memcg is nearly full, large folios can rapidly fill
+ * the margin and trigger new reclamation
+ */
+ if (mem_cgroup_precharge_large_folio(vma->vm_mm, NULL))
+ goto fallback;
+
/* Try allocating the highest of the remaining orders. */
gfp = vma_thp_gfp_mask(vma);
while (orders) {
--
2.34.1
