On LoongArch 3C5000 Dual-Way machine, there are 32 CPUs and 128G RAM, there are some errors with run vmalloc test with command like this insmod test_vmalloc.ko nr_threads=32 run_test_mask=0x3af Here is part of error message, WARNING: CPU: 13 PID: 1457 at mm/vmalloc.c:503 vmap_small_pages_range_noflush+0x388/0x510 CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 1457 Comm: vmalloc_test/15 Not tainted 6.12.0-rc2+ #93 Trying to vfree() nonexistent vm area (000000004dec9ced) WARNING: CPU: 3 PID: 1444 at mm/vmalloc.c:3345 vfree+0x1e8/0x4c8 CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 1444 Comm: vmalloc_test/2 Trying to vfree() bad address (00000000fc7c9da5) WARNING: CPU: 10 PID: 1552 at mm/vmalloc.c:3210 remove_vm_area+0x88/0x98 CPU: 10 UID: 0 PID: 1552 Comm: kworker/u144:3 The mainly problem is that function set_pte() and pte_free() is atomic, there is contension between them. Since these functions need modify two consecutive pte entries for kernel space area, to assure that both pte entries with PAGE_GLOBAL bit set. With this patchset, vmalloc test case passes to run with command insmod test_vmalloc.ko nr_threads=32 run_test_mask=0x3af Bibo Mao (4): LoongArch: Set pte entry with PAGE_GLOBAL for kernel space mm/sparse-vmemmap: set pte_init when vmemmap is created LoongArch: Add barrier between set_pte and memory access LoongArch: Use atomic operation with set_pte and pte_clear function arch/loongarch/include/asm/cacheflush.h | 14 +++++++- arch/loongarch/include/asm/pgalloc.h | 13 +++++++ arch/loongarch/include/asm/pgtable.h | 45 +++++++++---------------- arch/loongarch/mm/init.c | 4 ++- arch/loongarch/mm/kasan_init.c | 4 ++- arch/loongarch/mm/pgtable.c | 22 ++++++++++++ mm/sparse-vmemmap.c | 5 +++ 7 files changed, 75 insertions(+), 32 deletions(-) base-commit: 87d6aab2389e5ce0197d8257d5f8ee965a67c4cd -- 2.39.3