Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce significantly
the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be used within a guest,
thus imposing performance penalties associated with the reduced number of
transparent huge pages that could be used by the guest workload.
This patch introduces a common interface to help a balloon driver on
making its page set movable to compaction, and thus allowing the system
to better leverage the compation efforts on memory defragmentation.
Signed-off-by: Rafael Aquini <aquini@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
include/linux/balloon_compaction.h | 113 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
include/linux/pagemap.h | 18 +++++
mm/Kconfig | 15 ++++
mm/Makefile | 2 +-
mm/balloon_compaction.c | 145 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
5 files changed, 292 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)
create mode 100644 include/linux/balloon_compaction.h
create mode 100644 mm/balloon_compaction.c
diff --git a/include/linux/balloon_compaction.h b/include/linux/balloon_compaction.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5fbf036
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/linux/balloon_compaction.h
@@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
+/*
+ * include/linux/balloon_compaction.h
+ *
+ * Common interface definitions for making balloon pages movable to compaction.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2012, Red Hat, Inc. Rafael Aquini <aquini@xxxxxxxxxx>
+ */
+#ifndef _LINUX_BALLOON_COMPACTION_H
+#define _LINUX_BALLOON_COMPACTION_H
+#ifdef __KERNEL__
+
+#include <linux/rcupdate.h>
+#include <linux/pagemap.h>
+#include <linux/gfp.h>
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION)
+extern bool isolate_balloon_page(struct page *);
+extern void putback_balloon_page(struct page *);
+
+static inline bool movable_balloon_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ struct address_space *mapping = NULL;
+ bool ret = false;
+ /*
+ * Before dereferencing and testing mapping->flags, lets make sure
+ * this is not a page that uses ->mapping in a different way
+ */
+ if (!PageSlab(page) && !PageSwapCache(page) &&
+ !PageAnon(page) && !page_mapped(page)) {
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ mapping = rcu_dereference(page->mapping);
+ if (mapping_balloon(mapping))
+ ret = true;
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ }
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static inline gfp_t balloon_mapping_gfp_mask(void)
+{
+ return GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE;
+}
+
+/*
+ * __page_balloon_device - return the balloon device owing the page.
+ *
+ * This shall only be used at driver callbacks under proper page_lock,
+ * to get access to the balloon device structure that owns @page.
+ */
+static inline void *__page_balloon_device(struct page *page)
+{
+ struct address_space *mapping;
+ mapping = rcu_access_pointer(page->mapping);
+ if (mapping)
+ mapping = mapping->assoc_mapping;
+ return (void *)mapping;
+}
+
+#define count_balloon_event(e) count_vm_event(e)
+/*
+ * DEFINE_BALLOON_MAPPING_AOPS - declare and instantiate a callback descriptor
+ * to be used as balloon page->mapping->a_ops.
+ *
+ * @label : declaration identifier (var name)
+ * @migratepg : callback symbol name for performing the page migration step
+ * @isolatepg : callback symbol name for performing the page isolation step
+ * @putbackpg : callback symbol name for performing the page putback step
+ *
+ * address_space_operations utilized methods for ballooned pages:
+ * .migratepage - used to perform balloon's page migration (as is)
+ * .launder_page - used to isolate a page from balloon's page list
+ * .freepage - used to reinsert an isolated page to balloon's page list
+ */
+#define DEFINE_BALLOON_MAPPING_AOPS(label, migratepg, isolatepg, putbackpg) \
+ const struct address_space_operations (label) = { \
+ .migratepage = (migratepg), \
+ .launder_page = (isolatepg), \
+ .freepage = (putbackpg), \
+ }
+
+#else
+static inline bool isolate_balloon_page(struct page *page) { return false; }
+static inline bool movable_balloon_page(struct page *page) { return false; }
+static inline void putback_balloon_page(struct page *page) { return; }
+
+static inline gfp_t balloon_mapping_gfp_mask(void)
+{
+ return GFP_HIGHUSER;
+}
+
+#define count_balloon_event(e) {}
+#define DEFINE_BALLOON_MAPPING_AOPS(label, migratepg, isolatepg, putbackpg) \
+ const struct address_space_operations *(label) = NULL
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION */
+
+extern struct address_space *alloc_balloon_mapping(void *balloon_device,
+ const struct address_space_operations *a_ops);
+extern void *page_balloon_device(struct page *page);
+
+static inline void assign_balloon_mapping(struct page *page,
+ struct address_space *mapping)
+{
+ rcu_assign_pointer(page->mapping, mapping);
+}
+
+static inline void clear_balloon_mapping(struct page *page)
+{
+ rcu_assign_pointer(page->mapping, NULL);
+}
+
+#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
+#endif /* _LINUX_BALLOON_COMPACTION_H */
diff --git a/include/linux/pagemap.h b/include/linux/pagemap.h
index e42c762..6df0664 100644
--- a/include/linux/pagemap.h
+++ b/include/linux/pagemap.h
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ enum mapping_flags {
AS_ENOSPC = __GFP_BITS_SHIFT + 1, /* ENOSPC on async write */
AS_MM_ALL_LOCKS = __GFP_BITS_SHIFT + 2, /* under mm_take_all_locks() */
AS_UNEVICTABLE = __GFP_BITS_SHIFT + 3, /* e.g., ramdisk, SHM_LOCK */
+ AS_BALLOON_MAP = __GFP_BITS_SHIFT + 4, /* balloon page special map */
};
static inline void mapping_set_error(struct address_space *mapping, int error)
@@ -53,6 +54,23 @@ static inline int mapping_unevictable(struct address_space *mapping)
return !!mapping;
}
+static inline void mapping_set_balloon(struct address_space *mapping)
+{
+ set_bit(AS_BALLOON_MAP, &mapping->flags);
+}
+
+static inline void mapping_clear_balloon(struct address_space *mapping)
+{
+ clear_bit(AS_BALLOON_MAP, &mapping->flags);
+}
+
+static inline int mapping_balloon(struct address_space *mapping)
+{
+ if (mapping)
+ return test_bit(AS_BALLOON_MAP, &mapping->flags);
+ return !!mapping;
+}
+
static inline gfp_t mapping_gfp_mask(struct address_space * mapping)
{
return (__force gfp_t)mapping->flags & __GFP_BITS_MASK;
diff --git a/mm/Kconfig b/mm/Kconfig
index d5c8019..4857899 100644
--- a/mm/Kconfig
+++ b/mm/Kconfig
@@ -188,6 +188,21 @@ config SPLIT_PTLOCK_CPUS
default "4"
#
+# support for memory balloon compaction
+config BALLOON_COMPACTION
+ bool "Allow for balloon memory compaction/migration"
+ select COMPACTION
+ depends on VIRTIO_BALLOON
+ help
+ Memory fragmentation introduced by ballooning might reduce
+ significantly the number of 2MB contiguous memory blocks that can be
+ used within a guest, thus imposing performance penalties associated
+ with the reduced number of transparent huge pages that could be used
+ by the guest workload. Allowing the compaction & migration for memory
+ pages enlisted as being part of memory balloon devices avoids the
+ scenario aforementioned and helps improving memory defragmentation.
+
+#
# support for memory compaction
config COMPACTION
bool "Allow for memory compaction"
diff --git a/mm/Makefile b/mm/Makefile
index 92753e2..78d8caa 100644
--- a/mm/Makefile
+++ b/mm/Makefile
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ obj-y := filemap.o mempool.o oom_kill.o fadvise.o \
readahead.o swap.o truncate.o vmscan.o shmem.o \
prio_tree.o util.o mmzone.o vmstat.o backing-dev.o \
mm_init.o mmu_context.o percpu.o slab_common.o \
- compaction.o $(mmu-y)
+ compaction.o balloon_compaction.o $(mmu-y)
obj-y += init-mm.o
diff --git a/mm/balloon_compaction.c b/mm/balloon_compaction.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d79f13d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/mm/balloon_compaction.c
@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+/*
+ * mm/balloon_compaction.c
+ *
+ * Common interface for making balloon pages movable to compaction.
+ *
+ * Copyright (C) 2012, Red Hat, Inc. Rafael Aquini <aquini@xxxxxxxxxx>
+ */
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/export.h>
+#include <linux/balloon_compaction.h>
+
+/*
+ * alloc_balloon_mapping - allocates a special ->mapping for ballooned pages.
+ * @balloon_device: pointer address that references the balloon device which
+ * owns pages bearing this ->mapping.
+ * @a_ops: balloon_mapping address_space_operations descriptor.
+ *
+ * Users must call it to properly allocate and initialize an instance of
+ * struct address_space which will be used as the special page->mapping for
+ * balloon devices enlisted page instances.
+ */
+struct address_space *alloc_balloon_mapping(void *balloon_device,
+ const struct address_space_operations *a_ops)
+{
+ struct address_space *mapping;
+
+ mapping = kmalloc(sizeof(*mapping), GFP_KERNEL);
+ if (mapping) {
+ /*
+ * Give a clean 'zeroed' status to all elements of this special
+ * balloon page->mapping struct address_space instance.
+ */
+ address_space_init_once(mapping);
+
+ /*
+ * Set mapping->flags appropriately, to allow balloon ->mapping
+ * identification, as well as give a proper hint to the balloon
+ * driver on what GFP allocation mask shall be used.
+ */
+ mapping_set_balloon(mapping);
+ mapping_set_gfp_mask(mapping, balloon_mapping_gfp_mask());
+
+ /* balloon's page->mapping->a_ops callback descriptor */
+ mapping->a_ops = a_ops;
+
+ /*
+ * balloon special page->mapping overloads ->assoc_mapping
+ * to held a reference back to the balloon device wich 'owns'
+ * a given page. This is the way we can cope with multiple
+ * balloon devices without losing reference of several
+ * ballooned pagesets.
+ */
+ mapping->assoc_mapping = (void *)balloon_device;
+
+ return mapping;
+ }
+ return NULL;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(alloc_balloon_mapping);
+
+#if defined(CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION)
+static inline int __isolate_balloon_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ struct address_space *mapping;
+ int ret = 0;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ mapping = rcu_dereference(page->mapping);
+ if (mapping)
+ ret = mapping->a_ops->launder_page(page);
+
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static inline void __putback_balloon_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ struct address_space *mapping;
+
+ rcu_read_lock();
+ mapping = rcu_dereference(page->mapping);
+ /*
+ * If we stumble across a page->mapping NULL here, so something has
+ * messed with the private isolated pageset we are iterating over.
+ */
+ BUG_ON(!mapping);
+
+ mapping->a_ops->freepage(page);
+ /* isolation bumps up the page refcount, time to decrement it */
+ put_page(page);
+ rcu_read_unlock();
+}
+
+/* __isolate_lru_page() counterpart for a ballooned page */
+bool isolate_balloon_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ if (likely(get_page_unless_zero(page))) {
+ /*
+ * As balloon pages are not isolated from LRU lists, concurrent
+ * compaction threads can race against page migration functions
+ * move_to_new_page() & __unmap_and_move().
+ * In order to avoid having an already isolated balloon page
+ * being (wrongly) re-isolated while it is under migration,
+ * lets be sure we have the page lock before proceeding with
+ * the balloon page isolation steps.
+ */
+ if (likely(trylock_page(page))) {
+ /*
+ * A ballooned page, by default, has just one refcount.
+ * Prevent concurrent compaction threads from isolating
+ * an already isolated balloon page by refcount check.
+ */
+ if (movable_balloon_page(page) &&
+ (page_count(page) == 2)) {
+ if (__isolate_balloon_page(page)) {
+ unlock_page(page);
+ return true;
+ }
+ }
+ unlock_page(page);
+ }
+ /*
+ * This page is either under migration, it is isolated already,
+ * or its isolation step has not happened at this round.
+ * Drop the refcount taken for it.
+ */
+ put_page(page);
+ }
+ return false;
+}
+
+/* putback_lru_page() counterpart for a ballooned page */
+void putback_balloon_page(struct page *page)
+{
+ /*
+ * 'lock_page()' stabilizes the page and prevents races against
+ * concurrent isolation threads attempting to re-isolate it.
+ */
+ lock_page(page);
+ if (movable_balloon_page(page))
+ __putback_balloon_page(page);
+
+ unlock_page(page);
+}
+#endif /* CONFIG_BALLOON_COMPACTION */
--
1.7.11.4
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