Hi, Paul, Can you help us on WRITE_ONCE()/READ_ONCE()/barrier() usage as follows? For some example kernel code as follows, " unsigned char x[16]; void writer(void) { memset(x, 1, sizeof(x)); /* To make memset() take effect ASAP */ barrier(); } unsigned char reader(int n) { return READ_ONCE(x[n]); } " where, writer() and reader() may be called on 2 CPUs without any lock. It's acceptable for reader() to read the written value a little later. Our questions are, 1. because it's impossible for accessing "unsigned char" to cause tearing. So, WRITE_ONCE()/READ_ONCE()/barrier() isn't necessary for correctness, right? 2. we use barrier() and READ_ONCE() in writer() and reader(), because we want to make writing take effect ASAP. Is it a good practice? Or it's a micro-optimization that should be avoided? -- Best Regards, Huang, Ying