The most critical issue with vm.memfd_noexec=2 (the fact that passing
MFD_EXEC would bypass it entirely[1]) has been fixed in Andrew's
tree[2], but there are still some outstanding issues that need to be
addressed:
* vm.memfd_noexec=2 shouldn't reject old-style memfd_create(2) syscalls
because it will make it far to difficult to ever migrate. Instead it
should imply MFD_EXEC.
* The dmesg warnings are pr_warn_once(), which on most systems means
that they will be used up by systemd or some other boot process and
userspace developers will never see it.
- For the !(flags & (MFD_EXEC | MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL)) case, outputting a
rate-limited message to the kernel log is necessary to tell
userspace that they should add the new flags.
Arguably the most ideal way to deal with the spam concern[3,4]
while still prompting userspace to switch to the new flags would be
to only log the warning once per task or something similar.
However, adding something to task_struct for tracking this would be
needless bloat for a single pr_warn_ratelimited().
So just switch to pr_info_ratelimited() to avoid spamming the log
with something that isn't a real warning. There's lots of
info-level stuff in dmesg, it seems really unlikely that this
should be an actual problem. Most programs are already switching to
the new flags anyway.
- For the vm.memfd_noexec=2 case, we need to log a warning for every
failure because otherwise userspace will have no idea why their
previously working program started returning -EACCES (previously
-EINVAL) from memfd_create(2). pr_warn_once() is simply wrong here.
* The racheting mechanism for vm.memfd_noexec makes it incredibly
unappealing for most users to enable the sysctl because enabling it
on &init_pid_ns means you need a system reboot to unset it. Given the
actual security threat being protected against, CAP_SYS_ADMIN users
being restricted in this way makes little sense.
The argument for this ratcheting by the original author was that it
allows you to have a hierarchical setting that cannot be unset by
child pidnses, but this is not accurate -- changing the parent
pidns's vm.memfd_noexec setting to be more restrictive didn't affect
children.
Instead, switch the vm.memfd_noexec sysctl to be properly
hierarchical and allow CAP_SYS_ADMIN users (in the pidns's owning
userns) to lower the setting as long as it is not lower than the
parent's effective setting. This change also makes it so that
changing a parent pidns's vm.memfd_noexec will affect all
descendants, providing a properly hierarchical setting. The
performance impact of this is incredibly minimal since the maximum
depth of pidns is 32 and it is only checked during memfd_create(2)
and unshare(CLONE_NEWPID).
* The memfd selftests would not exit with a non-zero error code when
certain tests that ran in a forked process (specifically the ones
related to MFD_EXEC and MFD_NOEXEC_SEAL) failed.
[1]: https://lore.kernel.org/all/ZJwcsU0vI-nzgOB_@xxxxxxxxxxxxx/
[2]: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20230705063315.3680666-1-jeffxu@xxxxxxxxxx/
[3]: https://lore.kernel.org/Y5yS8wCnuYGLHMj4@x1n/
[4]: https://lore.kernel.org/f185bb42-b29c-977e-312e-3349eea15383@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/
Signed-off-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
Changes in v2:
- Make vm.memfd_noexec restrictions properly hierarchical.
- Allow vm.memfd_noexec setting to be lowered by CAP_SYS_ADMIN as long
as it is not lower than the parent's effective setting.
- Fix the logging behaviour related to the new flags and
vm.memfd_noexec=2.
- Add more thorough tests for vm.memfd_noexec in selftests.
- v1: <https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230713143406.14342-1-cyphar@xxxxxxxxxx>
---
Aleksa Sarai (5):
selftests: memfd: error out test process when child test fails
memfd: do not -EACCES old memfd_create() users with vm.memfd_noexec=2
memfd: improve userspace warnings for missing exec-related flags
memfd: replace ratcheting feature from vm.memfd_noexec with hierarchy
selftests: improve vm.memfd_noexec sysctl tests
include/linux/pid_namespace.h | 39 ++--
kernel/pid.c | 3 +
kernel/pid_namespace.c | 6 +-
kernel/pid_sysctl.h | 28 ++-
mm/memfd.c | 33 ++-
tools/testing/selftests/memfd/memfd_test.c | 332 +++++++++++++++++++++++------
6 files changed, 322 insertions(+), 119 deletions(-)
---
base-commit: 3ff995246e801ea4de0a30860a1d8da4aeb538e7
change-id: 20230803-memfd-vm-noexec-uapi-fixes-ace725c67b0f
Best regards,
--
Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@xxxxxxxxxx>
