Hi Linus, The following changes since commit fa81ab49bbe4e1ce756581c970486de0ddb14309: memblock: Fix doc for memblock_phys_free (2023-01-04 12:31:22 +0200) are available in the Git repository at: https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/rppt/memblock tags/fixes-2023-01-14 for you to fetch changes up to 115d9d77bb0f9152c60b6e8646369fa7f6167593: mm: Always release pages to the buddy allocator in memblock_free_late(). (2023-01-08 18:49:33 +0200) ---------------------------------------------------------------- memblock: always release pages to the buddy allocator in memblock_free_late() If CONFIG_DEFERRED_STRUCT_PAGE_INIT is enabled, memblock_free_pages() only releases pages to the buddy allocator if they are not in the deferred range. This is correct for free pages (as defined by for_each_free_mem_pfn_range_in_zone()) because free pages in the deferred range will be initialized and released as part of the deferred init process. memblock_free_pages() is called by memblock_free_late(), which is used to free reserved ranges after memblock_free_all() has run. All pages in reserved ranges have been initialized at that point, and accordingly, those pages are not touched by the deferred init process. This means that currently, if the pages that memblock_free_late() intends to release are in the deferred range, they will never be released to the buddy allocator. They will forever be reserved. In addition, memblock_free_pages() calls kmsan_memblock_free_pages(), which is also correct for free pages but is not correct for reserved pages. KMSAN metadata for reserved pages is initialized by kmsan_init_shadow(), which runs shortly before memblock_free_all(). For both of these reasons, memblock_free_pages() should only be called for free pages, and memblock_free_late() should call __free_pages_core() directly instead. One case where this issue can occur in the wild is EFI boot on x86_64. The x86 EFI code reserves all EFI boot services memory ranges via memblock_reserve() and frees them later via memblock_free_late() (efi_reserve_boot_services() and efi_free_boot_services(), respectively). If any of those ranges happens to fall within the deferred init range, the pages will not be released and that memory will be unavailable. For example, on an Amazon EC2 t3.micro VM (1 GB) booting via EFI: v6.2-rc2: Node 0, zone DMA spanned 4095 present 3999 managed 3840 Node 0, zone DMA32 spanned 246652 present 245868 managed 178867 v6.2-rc2 + patch: Node 0, zone DMA spanned 4095 present 3999 managed 3840 Node 0, zone DMA32 spanned 246652 present 245868 managed 222816 # +43,949 pages ---------------------------------------------------------------- Aaron Thompson (1): mm: Always release pages to the buddy allocator in memblock_free_late(). mm/memblock.c | 8 +++++++- tools/testing/memblock/internal.h | 4 ++++ 2 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) -- Sincerely yours, Mike.
