On 1/10/2023 1:33 AM, David Hildenbrand wrote:
> On 09.01.23 08:22, Yin Fengwei wrote:
>> In a nutshell: 4k is too small and 2M is too big. We started
>> asking ourselves whether there was something in the middle that
>> we could do. This series shows what that middle ground might
>> look like. It provides some of the benefits of THP while
>> eliminating some of the downsides.
>>
>> This series uses "multiple consecutive pages" (mcpages) of
>> between 8K and 2M of base pages for anonymous user space mappings.
>> This will lead to less internal fragmentation versus 2M mappings
>> and thus less memory consumption and wasted CPU time zeroing
>> memory which will never be used.
>
> Hi,
>
> what I understand is that this is some form of faultaround for anonymous memory, with the special-case that we try to allocate the pages consecutively.For this patchset, yes. But mcpage can be enabled for page cache,
swapping etc.
>
> Some thoughts:
>
> (1) Faultaround might be unexpected for some workloads and increase
> memory consumption unnecessarily.
Comparing to THP, the memory consumption and latency introduced by
mcpage is minor.
>
> Yes, something like that can happen with THP BUT
>
> (a) THP can be disabled or is frequently only enabled for madvised
> regions -- for example, exactly for this reason.
> (b) Some workloads (especially memory ballooning) rely on memory not
> suddenly re-appearing after MADV_DONTNEED. This works even with THP,
> because the 4k MADV_DONTNEED will first PTE-map the THP. Because
> there is a PTE page table, we won't suddenly get a THP populated
> again (unless khugepaged is configured to fill holes).
>
>
> I strongly assume we will need something similar to force-disable, selectively-enable etc.
Agree.
>
>
> (2) This steals consecutive pages to immediately split them up
>
> I know, everybody thinks it might be valuable for their use case to grab all higher-order pages :) It will be "fun" once all these cases start competing. TBH, splitting up them immediately again smells like being the lowest priority among all higher-order users.
>
The motivations to split it immediately are:
1. All the sub-pages is just normal 4K page. No other changes need be
added to handle it.
2. splitting it before use doesn't involved complicated page lock handling.
>
> (3) All effort will be lost once page compaction gets active, compacts,
> and simply migrates to random 4k pages. This is most probably the
> biggest "issue" of the whole approach AFAIKS: it's only temporary
> because there is no notion of these pages belonging together
> anymore.
Yes. But I suppose page compaction could be updated to handle mcpage.
Like always handle all sub-pages together. We did experience for
reclaim.
>
>>
>> In the implementation, we allocate high order page with order of
>> mcpage (e.g., order 2 for 16KB mcpage). This makes sure the
>> physical contiguous memory is used and benefit sequential memory
>> access latency.
>>
>> Then split the high order page. By doing this, the sub-page of
>> mcpage is just 4K normal page. The current kernel page
>> management is applied to "mc" pages without any changes. Batching
>> page faults is allowed with mcpage and reduce page faults number.
>>
>> There are costs with mcpage. Besides no TLB benefit THP brings, it
>> increases memory consumption and latency of allocation page
>> comparing to 4K base page.
>>
>> This series is the first step of mcpage. The furture work can be
>> enable mcpage for more components like page cache, swapping etc.
>> Finally, most pages in system will be allocated/free/reclaimed
>> with mcpage order.
>
> I think avoiding new, herd-to-get terminology ("mcpage") might be better. I know, everybody wants to give its child a name, but the name us not really future proof: "multiple consecutive pages" might at one point be maybe just a folio.
>
> I'd summarize the ideas as "faultaround" whereby we try optimizing for locality.
>
> Note that a similar (but different) concept already exists (hidden) for hugetlb e.g., on arm64. The feature is called "cont-pte" -- a sequence of PTEs that logically map a hugetlb page.
"cont-pte" on ARM64 has fixed size which match the silicon definition.
mcpage allows software/user to define the size which is not necessary
to be exact same as silicon defined. Thanks.
Regards
Yin, Fengwei
>
