On Tue, Aug 23, 2022 at 07:03:57PM +0200, Vlastimil Babka wrote: > Rongwei Wang reports [1] that cache validation triggered by writing to > /sys/kernel/slab/<cache>/validate is racy against normal cache > operations (e.g. freeing) in a way that can cause false positive > inconsistency reports for caches with debugging enabled. The problem is > that debugging actions that mark object free or active and actual > freelist operations are not atomic, and the validation can see an > inconsistent state. > > For caches that do or don't have debugging enabled, additional races > involving n->nr_slabs are possible that result in false reports of wrong > slab counts. > > This patch attempts to solve these issues while not adding overhead to > normal (especially fastpath) operations for caches that do not have > debugging enabled. Such overhead would not be justified to make possible > userspace-triggered validation safe. Instead, disable the validation for > caches that don't have debugging enabled and make their sysfs validate > handler return -EINVAL. > > For caches that do have debugging enabled, we can instead extend the > existing approach of not using percpu freelists to force all alloc/free > operations to the slow paths where debugging flags is checked and acted > upon. There can adjust the debug-specific paths to increase n->list_lock > coverage against concurrent validation as necessary. > > The processing on free in free_debug_processing() already happens under > n->list_lock so we can extend it to actually do the freeing as well and > thus make it atomic against concurrent validation. As observed by > Hyeonggon Yoo, we do not really need to take slab_lock() anymore here > because all paths we could race with are protected by n->list_lock under > the new scheme, so drop its usage here. > > The processing on alloc in alloc_debug_processing() currently doesn't > take any locks, but we have to first allocate the object from a slab on > the partial list (as debugging caches have no percpu slabs) and thus > take the n->list_lock anyway. Add a function alloc_single_from_partial() > that grabs just the allocated object instead of the whole freelist, and > does the debug processing. The n->list_lock coverage again makes it > atomic against validation and it is also ultimately more efficient than > the current grabbing of freelist immediately followed by slab > deactivation. > > To prevent races on n->nr_slabs updates, make sure that for caches with > debugging enabled, inc_slabs_node() or dec_slabs_node() is called under > n->list_lock. When allocating a new slab for a debug cache, handle the > allocation by a new function alloc_single_from_new_slab() instead of the > current forced deactivation path. > > Neither of these changes affect the fast paths at all. The changes in > slow paths are negligible for non-debug caches. > > [1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220529081535.69275-1-rongwei.wang@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx/ > > Reported-by: Rongwei Wang <rongwei.wang@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx> > Signed-off-by: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@xxxxxxx> > --- > mm/slub.c | 231 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------ > 1 file changed, 179 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-) > > diff --git a/mm/slub.c b/mm/slub.c > index 87e794ab101a..a5a913879871 100644 > --- a/mm/slub.c > +++ b/mm/slub.c > @@ -1324,17 +1324,14 @@ static inline int alloc_consistency_checks(struct kmem_cache *s, > } > > static noinline int alloc_debug_processing(struct kmem_cache *s, > - struct slab *slab, > - void *object, unsigned long addr) > + struct slab *slab, void *object) > { > if (s->flags & SLAB_CONSISTENCY_CHECKS) { > if (!alloc_consistency_checks(s, slab, object)) > goto bad; > } > > - /* Success perform special debug activities for allocs */ > - if (s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER) > - set_track(s, object, TRACK_ALLOC, addr); > + /* Success. Perform special debug activities for allocs */ > trace(s, slab, object, 1); > init_object(s, object, SLUB_RED_ACTIVE); > return 1; > @@ -1604,16 +1601,18 @@ static inline > void setup_slab_debug(struct kmem_cache *s, struct slab *slab, void *addr) {} > > static inline int alloc_debug_processing(struct kmem_cache *s, > - struct slab *slab, void *object, unsigned long addr) { return 0; } > + struct slab *slab, void *object) { return 0; } > > -static inline int free_debug_processing( > +static inline void free_debug_processing( > struct kmem_cache *s, struct slab *slab, > void *head, void *tail, int bulk_cnt, > - unsigned long addr) { return 0; } > + unsigned long addr) {} > > static inline void slab_pad_check(struct kmem_cache *s, struct slab *slab) {} > static inline int check_object(struct kmem_cache *s, struct slab *slab, > void *object, u8 val) { return 1; } > +static inline void set_track(struct kmem_cache *s, void *object, > + enum track_item alloc, unsigned long addr) {} > static inline void add_full(struct kmem_cache *s, struct kmem_cache_node *n, > struct slab *slab) {} > static inline void remove_full(struct kmem_cache *s, struct kmem_cache_node *n, > @@ -1919,11 +1918,13 @@ static struct slab *allocate_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags, int node) > */ > slab = alloc_slab_page(alloc_gfp, node, oo); > if (unlikely(!slab)) > - goto out; > + return NULL; > stat(s, ORDER_FALLBACK); > } > > slab->objects = oo_objects(oo); > + slab->inuse = 0; > + slab->frozen = 0; > > account_slab(slab, oo_order(oo), s, flags); > > @@ -1950,15 +1951,6 @@ static struct slab *allocate_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t flags, int node) > set_freepointer(s, p, NULL); > } > > - slab->inuse = slab->objects; > - slab->frozen = 1; > - > -out: > - if (!slab) > - return NULL; > - > - inc_slabs_node(s, slab_nid(slab), slab->objects); > - > return slab; > } > > @@ -2045,6 +2037,75 @@ static inline void remove_partial(struct kmem_cache_node *n, > n->nr_partial--; > } > > +/* > + * Called only for kmem_cache_debug() caches instead of acquire_slab(), with a > + * slab from the n->partial list. Remove only a single object from the slab, do > + * the alloc_debug_processing() checks and leave the slab on the list, or move > + * it to full list if it was the last free object. > + */ > +static void *alloc_single_from_partial(struct kmem_cache *s, > + struct kmem_cache_node *n, struct slab *slab) > +{ > + void *object; > + > + lockdep_assert_held(&n->list_lock); > + > + object = slab->freelist; > + slab->freelist = get_freepointer(s, object); > + slab->inuse++; > + > + if (!alloc_debug_processing(s, slab, object)) { > + remove_partial(n, slab); > + return NULL; > + } > + > + if (slab->inuse == slab->objects) { > + remove_partial(n, slab); > + add_full(s, n, slab); > + } > + > + return object; > +} > + > +/* > + * Called only for kmem_cache_debug() caches to allocate from a freshly > + * allocated slab. Allocate a single object instead of whole freelist > + * and put the slab to the partial (or full) list. > + */ > +static void *alloc_single_from_new_slab(struct kmem_cache *s, > + struct slab *slab) > +{ > + int nid = slab_nid(slab); > + struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, nid); > + unsigned long flags; > + void *object; > + > + > + object = slab->freelist; > + slab->freelist = get_freepointer(s, object); > + slab->inuse = 1; > + > + if (!alloc_debug_processing(s, slab, object)) > + /* > + * It's not really expected that this would fail on a > + * freshly allocated slab, but a concurrent memory > + * corruption in theory could cause that. > + */ > + return NULL; > + > + spin_lock_irqsave(&n->list_lock, flags); > + > + if (slab->inuse == slab->objects) > + add_full(s, n, slab); > + else > + add_partial(n, slab, DEACTIVATE_TO_HEAD); > + > + inc_slabs_node(s, nid, slab->objects); > + spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n->list_lock, flags); > + > + return object; > +} > + > /* > * Remove slab from the partial list, freeze it and > * return the pointer to the freelist. > @@ -2125,6 +2186,13 @@ static void *get_partial_node(struct kmem_cache *s, struct kmem_cache_node *n, > if (!pfmemalloc_match(slab, gfpflags)) > continue; > > + if (kmem_cache_debug(s)) { > + object = alloc_single_from_partial(s, n, slab); > + if (object) > + break; > + continue; > + } > + > t = acquire_slab(s, n, slab, object == NULL); > if (!t) > break; > @@ -2733,31 +2801,39 @@ static inline unsigned long node_nr_objs(struct kmem_cache_node *n) > } > > /* Supports checking bulk free of a constructed freelist */ > -static noinline int free_debug_processing( > +static noinline void free_debug_processing( > struct kmem_cache *s, struct slab *slab, > void *head, void *tail, int bulk_cnt, > unsigned long addr) > { > struct kmem_cache_node *n = get_node(s, slab_nid(slab)); > + struct slab *slab_free = NULL; > void *object = head; > int cnt = 0; > - unsigned long flags, flags2; > - int ret = 0; > + unsigned long flags; > + bool checks_ok = false; > depot_stack_handle_t handle = 0; > > if (s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER) > handle = set_track_prepare(); > > spin_lock_irqsave(&n->list_lock, flags); > - slab_lock(slab, &flags2); > > if (s->flags & SLAB_CONSISTENCY_CHECKS) { > if (!check_slab(s, slab)) > goto out; > } > > + if (slab->inuse < bulk_cnt) { > + slab_err(s, slab, "Slab has %d allocated objects but %d are to be freed\n", > + slab->inuse, bulk_cnt); > + goto out; > + } > + > next_object: > - cnt++; > + > + if (++cnt > bulk_cnt) > + goto out_cnt; > > if (s->flags & SLAB_CONSISTENCY_CHECKS) { > if (!free_consistency_checks(s, slab, object, addr)) > @@ -2775,18 +2851,56 @@ static noinline int free_debug_processing( > object = get_freepointer(s, object); > goto next_object; > } > - ret = 1; > + checks_ok = true; > > -out: > +out_cnt: > if (cnt != bulk_cnt) > - slab_err(s, slab, "Bulk freelist count(%d) invalid(%d)\n", > + slab_err(s, slab, "Bulk free expected %d objects but found %d\n", > bulk_cnt, cnt); > > - slab_unlock(slab, &flags2); > +out: > + if (checks_ok) { > + void *prior = slab->freelist; > + > + /* Perform the actual freeing while we still hold the locks */ > + slab->inuse -= cnt; > + set_freepointer(s, tail, prior); > + slab->freelist = head; > + > + /* Do we need to remove the slab from full or partial list? */ > + if (!prior) { > + remove_full(s, n, slab); > + } else if (slab->inuse == 0) { > + remove_partial(n, slab); > + stat(s, FREE_REMOVE_PARTIAL); > + } > + > + /* Do we need to discard the slab or add to partial list? */ > + if (slab->inuse == 0) { > + slab_free = slab; > + } else if (!prior) { > + add_partial(n, slab, DEACTIVATE_TO_TAIL); > + stat(s, FREE_ADD_PARTIAL); > + } > + } > + > + if (slab_free) { > + /* > + * Update the counters while still holding n->list_lock to > + * prevent spurious validation warnings > + */ > + dec_slabs_node(s, slab_nid(slab_free), slab_free->objects); > + } > + > spin_unlock_irqrestore(&n->list_lock, flags); > - if (!ret) > + > + if (!checks_ok) > slab_fix(s, "Object at 0x%p not freed", object); > - return ret; > + > + if (slab_free) { > + stat(s, FREE_SLAB); > + free_slab(s, slab_free); > + } > } > #endif /* CONFIG_SLUB_DEBUG */ > > @@ -3036,36 +3150,52 @@ static void *___slab_alloc(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t gfpflags, int node, > return NULL; > } > > + stat(s, ALLOC_SLAB); > + > + if (kmem_cache_debug(s)) { > + freelist = alloc_single_from_new_slab(s, slab); > + > + if (unlikely(!freelist)) > + goto new_objects; > + > + if (s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER) > + set_track(s, freelist, TRACK_ALLOC, addr); > + > + return freelist; > + } > + > /* > * No other reference to the slab yet so we can > * muck around with it freely without cmpxchg > */ > freelist = slab->freelist; > slab->freelist = NULL; > + slab->inuse = slab->objects; > + slab->frozen = 1; > > - stat(s, ALLOC_SLAB); > + inc_slabs_node(s, slab_nid(slab), slab->objects); > > check_new_slab: > > if (kmem_cache_debug(s)) { > - if (!alloc_debug_processing(s, slab, freelist, addr)) { > - /* Slab failed checks. Next slab needed */ > - goto new_slab; > - } else { > - /* > - * For debug case, we don't load freelist so that all > - * allocations go through alloc_debug_processing() > - */ > - goto return_single; > - } > + /* > + * For debug caches here we had to go through > + * alloc_single_from_partial() so just store the tracking info > + * and return the object > + */ > + if (s->flags & SLAB_STORE_USER) > + set_track(s, freelist, TRACK_ALLOC, addr); > + return freelist; > } > > - if (unlikely(!pfmemalloc_match(slab, gfpflags))) > + if (unlikely(!pfmemalloc_match(slab, gfpflags))) { > /* > * For !pfmemalloc_match() case we don't load freelist so that > * we don't make further mismatched allocations easier. > */ > - goto return_single; > + deactivate_slab(s, slab, get_freepointer(s, freelist)); > + return freelist; > + } > > retry_load_slab: > > @@ -3089,11 +3219,6 @@ static void *___slab_alloc(struct kmem_cache *s, gfp_t gfpflags, int node, > c->slab = slab; > > goto load_freelist; > - > -return_single: > - > - deactivate_slab(s, slab, get_freepointer(s, freelist)); > - return freelist; > } > > /* > @@ -3341,9 +3466,10 @@ static void __slab_free(struct kmem_cache *s, struct slab *slab, > if (kfence_free(head)) > return; > > - if (kmem_cache_debug(s) && > - !free_debug_processing(s, slab, head, tail, cnt, addr)) > + if (kmem_cache_debug(s)) { > + free_debug_processing(s, slab, head, tail, cnt, addr); > return; > + } > > do { > if (unlikely(n)) { > @@ -3936,6 +4062,7 @@ static void early_kmem_cache_node_alloc(int node) > slab = new_slab(kmem_cache_node, GFP_NOWAIT, node); > > BUG_ON(!slab); > + inc_slabs_node(kmem_cache_node, slab_nid(slab), slab->objects); > if (slab_nid(slab) != node) { > pr_err("SLUB: Unable to allocate memory from node %d\n", node); > pr_err("SLUB: Allocating a useless per node structure in order to be able to continue\n"); > @@ -3950,7 +4077,6 @@ static void early_kmem_cache_node_alloc(int node) > n = kasan_slab_alloc(kmem_cache_node, n, GFP_KERNEL, false); > slab->freelist = get_freepointer(kmem_cache_node, n); > slab->inuse = 1; > - slab->frozen = 0; > kmem_cache_node->node[node] = n; > init_kmem_cache_node(n); > inc_slabs_node(kmem_cache_node, node, slab->objects); > @@ -4611,6 +4737,7 @@ static int __kmem_cache_do_shrink(struct kmem_cache *s) > if (free == slab->objects) { > list_move(&slab->slab_list, &discard); > n->nr_partial--; > + dec_slabs_node(s, node, slab->objects); > } else if (free <= SHRINK_PROMOTE_MAX) > list_move(&slab->slab_list, promote + free - 1); > } > @@ -4626,7 +4753,7 @@ static int __kmem_cache_do_shrink(struct kmem_cache *s) > > /* Release empty slabs */ > list_for_each_entry_safe(slab, t, &discard, slab_list) > - discard_slab(s, slab); > + free_slab(s, slab); > > if (slabs_node(s, node)) > ret = 1; > @@ -5601,7 +5728,7 @@ static ssize_t validate_store(struct kmem_cache *s, > { > int ret = -EINVAL; > > - if (buf[0] == '1') { > + if (buf[0] == '1' && kmem_cache_debug(s)) { > ret = validate_slab_cache(s); > if (ret >= 0) > ret = length; > -- > 2.37.2 Looks good to me. Reviewed-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@xxxxxxxxx> -- Thanks, Hyeonggon
