Hi all: When I investigate the mm/hugetlb.c code again, I found there are a few possible issues with avoid_reserve case. (It's really hard to follow the relevant code for me.) Please take a look at the below analysis: 1.avoid_reserve issue with h->resv_huge_pages in alloc_huge_page. Assume: h->free_huge_pages 60 h->resv_huge_pages 30 spool->rsv_hpages 30 When avoid_reserve is true, after alloc_huge_page(), we will have: spool->rsv_hpages 29 /* hugepage_subpool_get_pages decreases it. */ h->free_huge_pages 59 h->resv_huge_pages 30 /* rsv_hpages is used, but *h->resv_huge_pages is not modified accordingly*. */ If the hugetlb page is freed later, we will have: spool->rsv_hpages 30 /* hugepage_subpool_put_pages increases it. */ h->free_huge_pages 60 h->resv_huge_pages 31 /* *increased wrongly* due to hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 1) == 0. */ ^^ 2.avoid_reserve issue with hugetlb rsvd cgroup charge for private mappings in alloc_huge_page. In general, if hugetlb pages are reserved, corresponding rsvd counters are charged in resv_maps for private mappings. Otherwise they're charged in individual hugetlb pages. When alloc_huge_page() is called with avoid_reserve == true, hugetlb_cgroup_charge_cgroup_rsvd() will be called to charge the newly allocated hugetlb page even if there has a reservation for this page in resv_maps. Then vma_commit_reservation() is called to indicate that the reservation is consumed. So the reservation *can not be used, thus leaking* from now on because vma_needs_reservation always return 1 for it. 3.avoid_reserve issue with restore_reserve_on_error There's a assumption in restore_reserve_on_error(): If HPageRestoreReserve is not set, this indicates there is an entry in the reserve map added by alloc_huge_page or HPageRestoreReserve would be set on the page. But this assumption *does not hold for avoid_reserve*. HPageRestoreReserve won't be set even if there is already an entry in the reserve map for avoid_reserve case. So avoid_reserve should be considered in this function, i.e. we need *a reliable way* to determine whether the entry is added by the alloc_huge_page(). Are above issues possible? Or am I miss something? These possible issues seem not easy to fix for me. Any thoughts? Any response would be appreciated! Thanks! Miaohe Lin